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Venus
Aphrodite
Love
Minerva
Athene
Wisdom, war
Diana
Artemis
Virginity, animals
Bacchus
Dionysus
Uncontrolled emotion, wine
Vulcan
Hephaestus
Blacksmiths, fire
Founding of Rome
753 BC
Beginning of Roman Republic
509 BC
Aeneas
Led the Trojans to the promised land after the Trojan War, founded Lavinium
Romulus and Remus
Founded and built the city of Rome, Romulus killed Remus and got the city named after him
Jupiter
Zeus
Sky, lighting
Juno
Hera
Women, marriage, love
Mars
Ares
War
Vesta
Hestia
Household
Neptune
Poseidon
Sea, trident
Pluto
Hades
Underworld
Ceres
Demeter
Grain
Apollo
Apollo
Sun, bow
Mercury
Hermes
Winged shoes, messenger
Tarquinius Superbus
Last king of Rome who got overthrown
Consul
Highest position in the Cursus Honorum, made most of the decisions
Cursus honorum
Public office positions in the Roman Republic
Horatius Cocles
Soldier who defended a bridge and jumped off and survived
Cloelia
Woman who led hostages to freedom in a war against Lars Porsennna
Pyrrhus of Epirus
Greek king who fought against Rome and won, but he lost so many soldiers that he would not have been able to fight again
Hannibal
Carthaginian general who invades Rome and comes close to victory through good military tactics but loses
Battle of Zama
Africanus vs. Hannibal in Carthage, Africanus takes care of Hannibal
Latifundia
Land worked by slaves of Rome, led poor people to move to Rome and form the Populares population
Populares
Poor class in Rome, fought against Optimates for more say in government
Optimates
Upper class in Rome, held most government positions and had more control over the city
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Wanted to give land to the poor and let retired soldiers to rule over newly acquired land, not liked by senate
Both commit suicide because of the senate
Gaius Marius
Was on populares' side, allowed normal people to become soldiers and get paid
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Was on optimates' side, fought against Marius, added a lot more people to the senate and increased the optimates' power as dictator
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Was on populares' side, defeated pirates in the Mediterranean
Gaius Julius Caesar
Was on populares' side, became dictator, conquered Gaul and and west Europe, assasinated by the senate
Battle of Pharsalus
Caesar vs. Pompey for who was greater, Caesar is victorious
Perseus
God who killed Medusa
Theseus
Guy who killed the Minotaur
Hercules
Son of Zeus, known for his strength
Jason
Leader of the Argonauts, went on a quest to find the Golden Fleece
Liberators
Conspirators in the senate who killed Julius Caesar
Marcus Antonius
Antony, Co-consul with Julius Caesar when he was killed, gained possession of Caesar's will and assets
Marcus Lepidus
Member of Second Triumvirate
Marched soldiers into Rome to keep order and protect Caesar's political faction after Caesar's death
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Great Roman orator, only one in the city to put a stop to Antony's reign
Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus
Member of Second Triumvirate
Octavian, Caesar's grandnephew, Caesar's heir
Philippi
Where Brutus and Cassius were defeated
Octavia
Octavians sister, married Antony because of the Treaty of Brundisium
Treaty of Brundisium
Treaty to make peace between Antony and Octavian, Antony married Octavia as part of it
Caesarion
Son of Cleopatra, maybe Julius Caesar, Cleopatra said he was the rightful heir
Actium
Greek town where Antony and Cleopatra were defeated
43 BC
The senate sent a big army to put a stop to Antony's menace, Octavian became in charge of three armies
42 BC
When Brutus and Cassius were defeated, so the killed themselves
40 BC
Antony's brother Lucius raised armies and tried to defeat Octavian, failed
31 BC
Antony and Cleopatra were defeated in Actium, both committed suicide
The Second Triumvirate
Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
Public alliance
Ammianus Marcellinus
4th century
Wrote about customs of the Huns
Augustine
3rd century
Wrote about how he enjoyed doing bad things in the Confessions
Boethius
6th century
Wrote about fortune and how everything will get taken away
Venerable Bede
7-8th century
Wrote about the Scots and the Picts and history of Britain
Einhard
7th century
Wrote about the life of Charlemagne
Heliose
12th century
Wrote letter to Abelard
William of Tyre
12th century
Wrote about the Crusades and Godfrey
Grandfather fought in the Crusades