Lecture Notes: Aggregates in the Community and Family Health (VOCABULARY Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and screening guidelines from the lecture notes on aggregates in the community, SDOH, and family health.

Aggregates in the Community

Groups with a common characteristic used for planning targeted health interventions. Defined by special interests or geographic location.

Target populations

Aggregates identified for health interventions, including individuals from infancy to death, families, and community groups.

NCLEX Connections

Idea that aggregates receive services from community health nurses.

Children (birth to 12 years)

An aggregate group; caregiver income affects food security, risk of homelessness, and cognitive development; influenced by access to care (SDOH).

Adolescents

An aggregate group at risk for motor vehicle injuries, homicide, and suicide.

Socioeconomic status (SES)

A key determinant of health that affects children’s access to resources and outcomes.

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that influence health.

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Policy that promotes access to care for children and reduces disparities.

Medicaid

Public health insurance program for low-income individuals.

Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

Public insurance for children in families with income too high for Medicaid.

Perinatal conditions

Health conditions around birth that contribute to child mortality and morbidity.

Congenital anomalies

Birth defects present at birth that impact child health.

Sudden unexplained infant death (SUID)

Infant death that remains unexplained after investigation (including SIDS in some cases).

Infant mortality

Death of infants; linked to maternal health, SES, and access to care.

Homicide (adolescents)

A leading cause of death among adolescents.

Suicide (adolescents)

A leading cause of death among adolescents.

Motor vehicle injuries (children/adolescents)

Unintentional injuries from motor vehicle crashes.

Screening and Preventive Services

Routine health screenings and preventive care (growth measurements, immunizations, etc.) for children and adolescents.

Height and weight

Basic anthropometric measurements used to monitor growth and development.

Vision and hearing

Sensory screenings to detect vision or hearing impairments.

Newborn screening (hemoglobinopathy, phenylalanine, T4, TSH)

Birth tests to detect metabolic/endocrine disorders early.

Immunization status

Documentation of vaccines per CDC schedules.

Lead exposure

Assessment of lead exposure risk and monitoring in children.

Cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Lipid screening to assess cardiovascular risk (in applicable ages).

Nutrition assessment

Evaluation of dietary intake and nutritional status.

Physical activity assessment

Evaluation of a person’s physical activity level.

Rubella serology

Testing for rubella immunity (serology) and vaccination history.

Substance use disorders (including tobacco)

Use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs; a health concern in adolescence.

Mental health screenings

Screening for mental health concerns in children and adolescents.

Anticipatory guidance

Counseling provided to families about growth, safety, and preventive care.

Breastfeeding

Feeding infants with breast milk; part of infant care education.

Sleeping positions

Guidance on safe infant sleep positioning to reduce risk.

Nutrition (children)

Nutritional guidelines and education for children.

Physical activity (child/adolescent)

Assessment and promotion of age-appropriate physical activity.

Injury prevention

Strategies to prevent injuries (car, fire, water safety; helmet use; CPR training).

Secondhand smoke exposure

Exposure to tobacco smoke from others; health risks for children and adolescents.

Newborn blood spot screenings

Expanded newborn screening tests to detect conditions early.

Access to a medical home

Continual, accessible primary care and family-centered service.

Schools that require health education

Educational institutions mandated to provide health education.

Childhood immunizations

Vaccination programs and schedules for children.

Use of child safety restraints

Proper use of car seats and restraints for children.

Wellness checkups

Routine preventive visits to monitor health and growth.

Community Education

Health education programs in the community (nutrition, STI prevention, substance use prevention).

Older Americans Act

Federal legislation promoting health services for older adults via states and nonprofits.

Healthy People (Older Adult health)

Healthy People topic area focused on older adult health and promotion.

Proportion of older adults living alone

A demographic trend indicating more older adults live independently.

Fall prevention

Strategies to reduce falls among older adults.

Medication safety (older adults)

Safe medication use and management to prevent adverse events.

Welcome to Medicare

Information and benefits for new Medicare beneficiaries.

Geriatric certifications

Professional credentials for clinicians specializing in geriatrics.

Community resources and programs (older adults)

Local services supporting health, nutrition, safety, and independence.

Injury prevention (older adults)

Strategies to prevent injuries and accidents in later life.

Abuse and mistreatment (older adults)

Education and awareness about elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.

Genograms

A pictorial representation of family structure and health patterns across generations.

Ecomaps

A visual map of the family’s connections to social and community resources.

Health risk appraisal (HRA)

A tool to assess biological, environmental, and behavioral health risks.

Genomics

Study of how genetic information influences health and disease risk for targeted prevention.

Economic stability (SDOH)

A social determinant focusing on financial resources affecting access to nutritious food and care.

Food insecurity

Limited or uncertain access to adequate, nutritious food.

Depression (health risk)

A mood disorder that can affect multiple age groups and health outcomes.

Osteoporosis

Loss of bone density increasing fracture risk, especially in older adults.

Reproductive health (females)

Childbearing, menopause, and preconception counseling.

Preconception counseling

Education and planning before pregnancy to optimize outcomes.

Pap test

Cervical cancer screening using a Pap smear.

Mammogram

Breast cancer screening using X-ray imaging.

Clinical breast exam

Physical examination of the breasts to screen for abnormalities.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing

Blood test used to screen for prostate cancer.

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

Physical exam used to screen for prostate abnormalities.

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)/sigmoidoscopy

Tests for colorectal cancer screening.

Colorectal cancer

Cancer of the colon or rectum; a major public health concern requiring screening.

HIV/STI

Human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections.

Skin cancer

Cancer of the skin; includes melanoma and non-melanoma types.