Midterm 2

Bud scales protect ___________ plant’s dormant shoot apical meristems.

perennials

Bracts are associated with ___________ and inflorescences.

flowers

Tendrils are ___________ modifications used for climbing.

climbing

A spine is a pointed modified ___________.

leaf

A thorn is a pointed modified ___________.

stem

A modified leaf that stores starch and sugar underground is referred to as a ___________.

bulb

Asexual reproduction results in genetically ___________ plants produced via mitosis.

identical

Meiosis reduces chromosomes by ________ and creates gametes.

half

During fertilization, haploid cells recombine to form a ___________ zygote.

diploid

Gene variations can occur through ___________ which mixes up alleles.

crossing over

The process of crossing over occurs during ___________ I of meiosis.

prophase

The plant structure that supports the flower head is called the ___________.

pedicel

The stigma is a part of the ___________ reproductive organ.

female

The ___________ life cycle alternates between diploid and haploid generations.

alterations of generations

Pollen grains land on the ___________ during pollination.

stigma

The process whereby the egg plus sperm forms a ___________ zygote.

diploid

Imperfect flowers can be classified as ___________ or monoecious.

dioecious

Outcrossing increases genetic ___________ by increasing the number of alleles present.

variation

Seeds that remain in the pericarp after maturity are classified as ___________.

indehiscent

The first root that emerges during seed germination is called the ___________.

taproot

Seeds will not germinate in favorable conditions to prevent ___________.

vivipary

Light is required for seed germination in a process called ___________ promotion.

light

Primary growth occurs at the ___________ of roots and shoots.

meristems

Respiration is only __________% effective in capturing energy stored in glucose.

34

In the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain will __________ completely.

stop

Fermentation converts NADH to NAD+ to produce ___________.

ethanol

Phospholipids are key components of ___________ membranes.

cell

oldest flowers are at the bottom of the plant and youngest flowers continue to grow vertically

racemose inflorescense

oldest flowers are at the top and younger flowers grow beneath them

cymose inflorescense

raceme

corymb

corymbose raceme

spike

catkin

spadix

simple umbel

compound umbel

capitulum

hypanthodium

umparouse cyme

biparous cyme

multiparous cyme