personality - lecture 11 OCPD

what did Frost et al. (1990) study highlight

excessively high personal standards on performance - the self is never going to be perfect

what are Frost’s 6 perfectionisms

concern over mistakes

doubts about actions

personal standards

organization

parental criticisms

parental expectations

Hewitt and Flett (1991) on perfectionism

interpersonal pressure - perfection driven by others

• self-oriented perfectionism

• other-oriented perfectionism

• socially prescribed perfectionism

other models of perfectionism (Slaney et al)

high standards

order

discrepancy

what are the two correlated domains of perfectionism

perfectionism falls under two domains: perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings

perfectionistic concerns

socially concerns, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, discrepency

perfectionistic strivings

self-oriented perfectionism, personal standards, high standards

correlates of perfectionism

parental criticism, parental expectations, organization, order

pathological trait associated with perfectionistic strivings?

extreme conscientiousness

FFM correlated with perfectionism

high neuro, low agreeableness, low extraversion

high neuroticism examples of perfectionism

anxiety-driven perfectionism, fear of failure, excessive worry

low agreeableness leads to perfectionism

perfectionisitic expectations towards others, social difficulties

low extraversion leads to perfectionism

socially prescribed perfectionism, self-isolation, lack of support

what FFM traits correlate with other-oriented perfectionism

low agreeableness

what FFM traits correlates with parenting aspect of perfectionism

positive correlation with neuroticism, low agreeableness

psychological inflexibility (rigidity)

inability/unwillingness to change one’s attitudes, opinions or behaviors, obstinate, tendency to perseverate,

what is inflexibility associated with in psychopathology

depression, anxiety, substance use, chronic pain, insomnia, interpersonal difficulties.

obsessive-compulsive PD key features

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control

inflexibility, close-mindedness, low efficiency, hoarding, frugalness

what is the prevalence of OCPD

2.1%-7.9% more common

what FFM traits are associated with OCPD

high conscientiousness, high neuroticism,

what pathological traits are associated with OCPD

disinhibition

• rigid perfectionism

negative affectivity

• perseveration

detachment

• intimacy avoidance (don’t have time, too focused on work)

• restricted affectivity

restricted affectivity in OCPD

not a specific symptom, but generally constricted, limted emotional expressiveness

self-functioning impairments in identity for OCPD

sense of self-derived predominantly from work or productivity

constricted experience and expression of strong emotions

self functioning impairments in self-direction in OCPD

difficulty completing tasks/realizing goals, associated with rigid and unreasonable high and inflexible internal standards of behavior

overly conscientious and moralistic attitudes

interpersonal functioning impairments in empathy in OCPD

difficulties understanding and appreciating the ideas, feelings, or behaviors of others

interpersonal functioning impairments in intimacy in OCPD

relationships seen as secondary to work and productivity

rigidity and stubbornness negatively affect relationships of others

how does genes impact OCPD

heritability is huge, 30-77%

maybe be associated with type A personalities

how does environment impact OCPD

emphasis on achievement at a young age, perfectionist parenting styles, inflexible during childhood

what is OCPD highly comorbid with

anxiety related disorders, depression, OCDP, illness anxiety

schizotypal traits, borderline, avoidant, and dependent

how is OCPD similar to OCD

perfectionism and rigidity, repetitive behaviors, anxiety and distress

how is OCPD and OCD different

OCD is more unwanted intrusive thoughts leading to compulsive behaviors

OCPD sees themselves as right, while OCD recognizes that their thoughts are irrational

OCPD is pervasive across time

how is OCPD different to AVPD and DPD

AVPD and DPD are about relationship statuses

OCPD is largely driven by perfectionism and rigidity