Science Unit 1 Lesson 3: Properties of Matter

These flashcards cover key concepts about the properties of matter, states of matter, and the scientific method used to identify substances.

What are the three main states of matter?

Solid, Liquid, and Gas.

How does temperature affect the movement of particles?

As temperature increases, the particles move faster; as temperature decreases, the particles move slower.

What happens to the volume of air in a ball when it cools?

The volume decreases because the air particles exert less pressure.

Define mass. How is it typically measured?

Mass is the amount of matter in a substance, usually measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

What is volume?

Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, measurable in milliliters (mL) for solids and liquids.

How is color a physical property of matter?

Color can be observed and described without changing the material.

What happens to solids when heated?

They can change into liquids as their particles begin to move more freely.

What is the relationship between mass and volume?

Mass can affect the volume an object occupies, with denser materials having greater mass for the same volume.

How can you identify substances based on their properties?

By comparing their properties such as color, solubility, and conductivity.

What is the significance of using safety goggles during experiments?

To protect your eyes from potential hazards while conducting experiments.

What is texture, and how can it be determined?

Texture is the surface structure that can be felt by touch, such as smooth or rough.

Why might scientists use evidence to identify unknown substances?

To compare their properties and determine which known substances they resemble.

What is an example of a substance that is conductive in solution?

Salt, which dissolves in water and allows electricity to flow.

What occurs to gas volume when it is compressed?

The gas volume decreases as it is forced into a smaller space.

Explain why solid materials do not fill all the space in a container.

Solids have a definite shape and do not spread out to fill the space like gases do.

Describe the key characteristics of particles in a solid, liquid, and gas in terms of their arrangement and movement.

• **Solid**: Particles are tightly packed in fixed positions, vibrating slightly.

• **Liquid**: Particles are close together but can move past each other.

• **Gas**: Particles are far apart and move rapidly and randomly.

A sealed container of gas is heated. Explain what happens to the gas particles and the pressure inside the container.

The gas particles gain kinetic energy, move faster, and collide with the container walls more frequently and forcefully, leading to an increase in pressure.

How can you determine if an object will float or sink in water if you know its mass and volume? (Assume water's density is 1 \text{ g/cm}^3).

Calculate the object's density (Density = Mass/Volume). If its density is less than water's (1 \text{ g/cm}^3), it will float; if greater, it will sink.

You have two unknown white crystalline solids. One is salt, and the other is sugar. How can you use a physical property to differentiate them without tasting, using water and an electrical conductivity tester?

Dissolve each solid in water. The salt solution will conduct electricity (due to ions), while the sugar solution will not (sugar is a molecular compound and doesn't form ions in solution).

What energy change (absorption or release) occurs when a liquid turns into a gas, and what is this process called?

Energy is absorbed during vaporization (or evaporation/boiling) as particles gain enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces and escape as a gas.

Why does a scuba divers' air tank need to be made of strong material?

Air for breathing is compressed into a very small volume, leading to extremely high pressure inside the tank. A strong material is necessary to withstand this pressure.