Water, Unique prop of Water, Water cycle

How many hydrogen atoms does water have

2

How many oxygen atoms does water have?

1

The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule are

Polar Covalent Bonds

The geometrical shape of water is

Bent

We designate the polarity of water using a

Delta sign (symbol: δ)

The intermolecular forces in water is

Hydrogen Bonds

How does hydrogen bonding occur in Water?

The negative polarity of the oxygen atom is attracted to the positive polarity of the hydrogen atom of another water molecule

Which has the lower KE? Ice or Water Vapor?

Ice

What is KE?

Kinetic Energy which is basically temperature

What is evaporation?

The sun’s heat turns liquid water from oceans, lakes, and rivers into a gas called water vapor, which rises into the atmosphere

What is Transpiration?

Plants release water vapor into the air through their leaves

What is Condensation?

As the water vapor rises and cools, it turns back into liquid or ice crystals, forming clouds

What is Precipitation?

When clouds becomes saturated, water falls back to the Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

What is Collection?

Water collects in oceans, lakes, and rivers. Some soaks into the ground through infiltration and percolation, becoming groundwater

What is Runoff?

Water that flows over the land surface, eventually returning to rivers, lakes, and oceans

Sublimation

A process where solid ice turns directly into a gas (water vapor) without first becoming a liquid

What is cohesion?

The attraction of molecules to one another which causes them to stick together

How is cohesion used in the real world

• Cohesion can enable water to be pulled up through a plant’s vascular system during transpiration

• Can also allow some insects to walk on water

What is Adhesion?

The tendency of water to be attracted to and stick to other, different substances

How is adhesion used in the real word?

It can be used for processes like capillary action in plants

What is surface tension?

The property of water’s surface that allows it to resist an external force, caused by the strong cohesive forces between water molecules due to Hydrogen Bonds

What is Specific Heat?

High capacity to absorb a large amount of heat energy before its temperature increases

How can specific heat be used in the real world?

It helps organisms and ecosystems regulate temperature, as water molecules require significant energy to break the hydrogen bonds that hold them together

What is heat of vaporization?

The amount of energy required to convert a liquid into a gas

How is this used in the real world?

It allows for cooling in organisms through processes like sweating, as the evaporation of water absorbs a significant amount of heat from the body

What happens when ice floats

Ice that forms on the surface creates a protective cap over lakes and seas, preventing them from freezing completely

What would happen if ice melted?

Without the floating the water would freeze from the bottom up, which would destroy habitats and likely lead to the extinction of many species