Studied by 3 people
type 1 reactions are called
anaphylactic reactions
type 1 anaphylactic reactions occur minutes after a person … to a antigen is … to that antigen
sensitized, re-exposed
in type 1 anaphylactic reactions antigens combine with … antibodies
IgE
in type 1 anaphylactic reactions the IgE antibodies then attach to … and …
mast cells and basophils
in type 1 anaphylactic reactions, mast cells and basophils then undergo … and release …
degranulation, mediators
in type 1 anaphylactic reactions, what are the 3 mediators mast cells and basophils release
histamines, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
histamines increase … of blood capillaries
permeability
leukotrienes allow for prolonged … of …
contraction of smooth muscles
prostaglandins affect … and increase …
smooth muscles, mucus secretion
what are the two types of type I (anaphylactic) reactions
systemic anaphylaxis
localized anaphylaxis
systemic anaphylaxis is otherwise known to be a
anaphylactic shock
an anaphylactic shock/ systemic anaphylaxis reaction is the result of when an…
individual sensitized to an antigen is exposed to it again
what are the two potential results of systemic anaphylaxis
circulatory collapse
death
what is a systemic anaphylaxis reaction/ anaphylactic shock usually treated with
epinephrine
a localized anaphylaxis is usually associated with
ingested or inhaled antigens
localized anaphylaxis reaction symptoms are usually dependent on..
route of entry
give three examples of localized anaphylaxis reactions
hives
hay fever
asthma
type II reactions are also refereed to as … reactions
cytotoxic
type II (cytotoxic) reactions undergo activation of … by the combination of … or … antibodies with an antigenic cell
complement, IgG or IgM
what are the two results of activation of complement by the combination of IgG and IgM antibodies with an antigenic cell
cell lysis
damage by macrophages
what group system is associated with type II (cytotoxic) reactions
ABO blood group system
antibodies from against certain …. …. on red blood cells
carbohydrate antigens
type O red blood cells have … antigens
no
type III reactions are also referred to as … reactions
immune complex reactions
type III (immune complex) reactions antibodies from against … …. in the serum
soluble antigens
in type III (immune complex) reactions antibodies form … …. that lodge in the basement membranes beneath the cells
immune complexes
what does the formation of immune complexes activate and cause
activate complement
cause inflammation
what is known to be a rare side-effect of toxoid-containing vaccines
Arthur reaction
in what 2 places does the Arthur reaction normally occur
in glomeruli
other vessel walls
why does an Arthur reaction occur in glomeruli and other vessel walls
complement activation in a patient with already circulating IgG to an injected antigen
serum sickness can occur with … and … due to an injection of … …
swelling and inflammation
foreign serum
type IV reactions are also referred to as…
delayed cell-mediated reactions
what is an example of a type IV (delayed cell-mediated) reaction
allergic contact dermatitis
what combines with proteins in the skin, which produces an immune response in an allergic contain dermatitis
haptens
give 4 examples of triggers of allergic contact dermatitis reactions
poison ivy
cosmetics
metals
latex
which type of reaction is very rare
type III
which types of reactions need previous exposure to the antigen
type I and type IV
an autoimmune disease is when our immune systems respond to … …. causing … to organ systems
self antigens
damage
autoimmunity is loss of
self-tolerance
self-tolerance is the ability to…
discriminate self from non-self
