chapter 19- disorders associated with the immune system

type 1 reactions are called

anaphylactic reactions

type 1 anaphylactic reactions occur minutes after a person … to a antigen is … to that antigen

sensitized, re-exposed

in type 1 anaphylactic reactions antigens combine with … antibodies

IgE

in type 1 anaphylactic reactions the IgE antibodies then attach to … and …

mast cells and basophils

in type 1 anaphylactic reactions, mast cells and basophils then undergo … and release …

degranulation, mediators

in type 1 anaphylactic reactions, what are the 3 mediators mast cells and basophils release

histamines, leukotrienes, prostaglandins

histamines increase … of blood capillaries

permeability

leukotrienes allow for prolonged … of …

contraction of smooth muscles

prostaglandins affect … and increase …

smooth muscles, mucus secretion

what are the two types of type I (anaphylactic) reactions

systemic anaphylaxis

localized anaphylaxis

systemic anaphylaxis is otherwise known to be a

anaphylactic shock

an anaphylactic shock/ systemic anaphylaxis reaction is the result of when an…

individual sensitized to an antigen is exposed to it again

what are the two potential results of systemic anaphylaxis

circulatory collapse

death

what is a systemic anaphylaxis reaction/ anaphylactic shock usually treated with

epinephrine

a localized anaphylaxis is usually associated with

ingested or inhaled antigens

localized anaphylaxis reaction symptoms are usually dependent on..

route of entry

give three examples of localized anaphylaxis reactions

hives

hay fever

asthma

type II reactions are also refereed to as … reactions

cytotoxic

type II (cytotoxic) reactions undergo activation of … by the combination of … or … antibodies with an antigenic cell

complement, IgG or IgM

what are the two results of activation of complement by the combination of IgG and IgM antibodies with an antigenic cell

cell lysis

damage by macrophages

what group system is associated with type II (cytotoxic) reactions 

ABO blood group system

antibodies from against certain …. …. on red blood cells

carbohydrate antigens

type O red blood cells have … antigens

no

type III reactions are also referred to as … reactions

immune complex reactions

type III (immune complex) reactions antibodies from against … …. in the serum

soluble antigens

in type III (immune complex) reactions antibodies form … …. that lodge in the basement membranes beneath the cells

immune complexes

what does the formation of immune complexes activate and cause

activate complement

cause inflammation

what is known to be a rare side-effect of toxoid-containing vaccines

Arthur reaction

in what 2 places does the Arthur reaction normally occur

in glomeruli

other vessel walls

why does an Arthur reaction occur in glomeruli and other vessel walls

complement activation in a patient with already circulating IgG to an injected antigen

serum sickness can occur with … and … due to an injection of … …

swelling and inflammation

foreign serum

type IV reactions are also referred to as…

delayed cell-mediated reactions

what is an example of a type IV (delayed cell-mediated) reaction

allergic contact dermatitis

what combines with proteins in the skin, which produces an immune response in an allergic contain dermatitis

haptens

give 4 examples of triggers of allergic contact dermatitis reactions

poison ivy

cosmetics

metals

latex

which type of reaction is very rare

type III

which types of reactions need previous exposure to the antigen

type I and type IV

an autoimmune disease is when our immune systems respond to … …. causing … to organ systems

self antigens

damage

autoimmunity is loss of

self-tolerance

self-tolerance is the ability to…

discriminate self from non-self