Vet Med Term Chapter 3

For Quiz 3

The musculoskeletal system consists of what two systems?

Skeletal- Bones, joints, cartilage, and connective tissues

Muscular- Muscles and various connective tissues.

Functions of the skeletal system

Provides support, forms blood cells, aids in movement.

Structures of the Skeletal system

Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons, bursa, synovial membrane and fluid.

Bone is

one of the hardest tissues in the body

combining forms for bone

oste/o

oss/e

oss/i

Bones start as

cartilage and fibrous membranes that harden into bone before birth

Ossification is

the formation of bone from fibrous tissue

Cortical bone is

the hard, dense, strong bone that forms the OUTER layer of bone

Cortex means

bark or shell in latin

cortical bone is also known as

compact bone

Cancellous bone is

lighter, less strong bone found in the ends and inner portions of long bone

cancellous is

latticework in latin

cancellous bone is also known as

spongy bone

long bones consist of

a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity

examples of a long bone are the

femur, humerus, tibia, and radius

Short

carpal

flat

pelvis

pneumatic

frontal

irregular

vertebrae

sesamoid

patella

Hematopoietic means

formation of blood and blood components

Red bone marrow produces

red blood cells, white blood cells, clotting cells

Yellow bone marrow is for

Fat storage

Cartilage is a form of

connective tissue, and is more elastic than bone

the combining form for cartilage is

chondr/o

Articular cartilage is a type of cartilage that

covers the joint surfaces of bone

The meniscus is a

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

Joints are

connections between bones

joints are also known as

articulations

The combining form for joint is

arthr/o

Joints are classified based on

their degree of movements

synarthroses

immovable

amphiarthroses

slightly movable

diathroses

freely movable

Ligaments are bands of fibrous connective tissues that

connect one bone to another

The combining form for ligament is

Ligament/o

Tendons are bands of fibrous connective tissue that

connect muscle to bone

Combining forms for tendon are

Ten/o, Tend/o, and Tendin/o

Bursa is

a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to reduce friction during movement

synovial fluid

acts as a lubricant for joint movement

The cranium is

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

The combining form for skull is

crani/o

The skull also has air or fluid filled spaces called

sinuses

The vertebral column supports

the head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord

The vertebral column is comprised of individual bones called

vertebra

The combining forms for vertebra are

spondyl/o and vertebr/o (vertebrae is the plural form)

Vertebrae are divided into

body, arch, lamina, vertebral foramen, and processes ( spinous, transverse, and articular)

Combining form of Ribs is

cost/o (think intercostal)

The sternum consists of

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

The appendicular skeleton is the framework that consists of

the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

Appen means to

add or hang

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the

front and hind limbs

P1 =

Long pastern bone in livestock

P2 =

Short pastern bone in livestock

P3 =

Coffin bone in livestock

P3 in small animals may be called

the claw or nail

Combining form for claw or nail is

onych/o

The bones of the pelvis are

the ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum

Open and displaced fracture

Closed or simple fracture

Comminuted fracture

Compression fracture

Spiral fracture

Oblique fracture

Transverse fracture

Greenstick or incomplete fracture

Avulsion fracture

Osteotomy

Cutting into a bone

Osteostomy

Making a permanent new opening in a bone

Osteocentesis

Surgical puncture and tapping of a bone

Osteodesis

Binding together of bones

Osteopexy

Surgical fixation of a bone

Osteoplasty

Surgical repair of a damaged bone

Ostectomy

Removal of a bone

Muscles are

organs that contract to produce movement

Muscles are responsibe for

ambulation, control of organs and tissues, pumping blood, generation of heat

Muscles are made up of

long slender cells called muscle fibers

Each muscle consists of a

group of muscle fibers in a fibrous sheath

Combining form for muscle

My/o

Combining forms for fibrous tissue

Fibr/o and Fibros/o

Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth muscle fibers.

Fascia is

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles

Combining forms for fascia

Fasci/o and fasc/i

Aponeurosis is

a fibrous sheet that gives attachment to muscular fibers and serves as a mean of origin and insertion of a flat muscle

Combining form for aponeuroses

Aponeur/o

Anti =

against

Agon =

Struggle

Antagonistic muscles work

against or opposite other muscles

Syn =

together

erg =

work

synergist muscles work

with other muscles to produce movement

Origin =

where muscle begins

insertion =

where the muscle ends

Electromyography

recording of the electrical activity of muscle

Muscle shape terms

deltoid

quadratus

rhomboideus

Muscle size terms

minimus

maxiumus

major

minor

latissimus

longissimus

Muscle fiber directions

rectus

oblique

transverse

sphincter

Number of muscle division

biceps

triceps

quadriceps

Muscle location

pectoral

epaxial

intercostal

infraspinatus

Muscle movement

abductor

adductor

flexor

extensor

levator

depressor

rotator

supinator

pronator