(Unit 2) Chronic Disease - Part One

Diabetes

A condition of high blood sugar levels.

Insulin

Hormone that regulates glucose in blood.

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar levels in the body.

Type 1 Diabetes

Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.

Type 2 Diabetes

Cells become resistant to insulin effects.

Cardiovascular system

Body's internal transport system for blood.

Arteries

Blood vessels carrying blood away from heart.

Veins

Blood vessels carrying blood towards the heart.

Capillaries

Small vessels where gas exchange occurs.

Cardiac cycle

Sequence of heart contractions and relaxations.

Systole

Phase of heart contraction.

Diastole

Phase of heart relaxation.

Blood pressure

Pressure of blood within arteries. Systolic and diastolic

Systolic pressure

Pressure during heart's contraction phase.

Diastolic pressure

Pressure during heart's relaxation phase.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport.

Atherosclerosis

Plaque buildup in arteries leading to narrowing.

Coronary heart disease

Insufficient blood flow to heart muscle. Caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

Arrhythmia

cardiovascular disease characterized by heart palpitations

Congestive heart failure

Cardiovascular disease that causes an inability for the heart to pump blood effectively.

Stroke

Disruption of blood flow to the brain.

Ischemia

Insufficient blood supply causing tissue damage.

Hemorrhage

Bleeding due to ruptured blood vessels.

Congenital heart disease

Heart defect which causes murmurs (turbulent blood flow) and shunts (irregular path of blood flow). At birth

Rheumatic heart disease

Heart damage from untreated strep throat.

Palpitations

Awareness of irregular heartbeat sensations.