Week 3 SOL Review- Cells Organelle and Cell Theory

Cytoskeleton*

cytoskeleton* is an intricate network of protein fibers that gives cells their shape, structure, and ability to move and change.

Rough ER

The rough ER is a network of flattened sacs that serves as the cell's main protein factory, working closely with the nucleus to carry out genetic instructions.

Cell Theory Core

1. *All living things are made of cells

2. *Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

1. *All cells come from preexisting cells

Other parts of Cell Theory

4. All cells made of same common elements: CHONP

5. DNA is passed from one cell to another

6. Metabolism: cells transfer and use energy for life processes

Cell Specialization

the process wherein “general” or “common” cells evolve to form specific cells that have specific functions.

Simple Diffusion

The movement of small, uncharged molecules across a cell memebrance from high to low concentration. It is passive/ does not require energy.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of large and/or charged molecules across a cell membrance using a protein channel. From high to low concentration. Passive transportation/ does not require energy.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low concentration. Passive transport/does not require energy

Active Transport

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane agains the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) Requires the use of ATP or energy.

Endocytosis

Movement of large particle into the cell using a vesicle (active transport)

Exocytosis

Movement of large particle out of the cell using a vesicle

Pinocytosis

The ingestion of liquid into a cell by small vesicles from the cell membrane. Active transport

Phagocytosis

The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and vesicles