6.3 - Ap world

How did enlightenment ideals help leaders push against colonization?

• Leaders had european style education

• Any developed a deep understanding in the ideals and worked in high positions

• Colonial elites used their education from imperialism to drive out their colonizers

Who were those in the Balkan Peninsula inspired by? Who won independence from Ottoman rule?

• Inspired by the french revolution

• Serbia and Greece

Why was the Proclamation of 1763 significant?

• It was the first time the english government had recognized the territorial rights of natives

  • Declared the land between the appalachian mountains and mississippi river indigenous land

How did the Cherokee Nation assimilate to white settler culture?

• Adopted colonial methods of weaving, farming, and building

• Developed a syllabic alphabet

• Many became literate and the Cherokee Phoenix became the first Native newspaper

• Adopted a us based constitution

Even though they assimilated, they were negatively impacted by expansion - how?

• They were forced off their land after the discovery of gold

• They were moved off their land after the Indian removal Act of 1830

 Explain Ghost Dance and how it impacted the Sioux.

• Prophet-dreamers announced that the dead would come back and drive out th white colonists. The ghost dance was meant to hasten this.

• It coincided with the sioux revolt and the warriors wore “ghost shirts”

Who was Tupac Amaru II - what was his role in refusing imperialism?

• Cacique (hereditary chief) descended from the last Incan ruler

• Received formal jesuit education but still identified with his Incan heritage

• Arrested and executed a colonial administrator, accusing him of cruelty

  • Led to the last general indian revolt against spain

What was the result of Mexico’s attempt to overthrow Benito Juarez?

• They worked with Napoleon who offered to make a european noble, archduke maximilian, the emperor of mexico

• He was crowned in 1864 but was executed in 1867 after the Mexicans forced the French to withdraw

  • Juarez then continued presidency 

Who were the sepoys? How did they help Britain maintain their ownership of India?

• Indian soldiers employed by the british

• They made up a majority of the armed colonial forces 

What changed and led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or Sepoy Mutiny?

• The british used rifle cartridges greased with the fat of cows and pigs

  • This angered the hindus who viewed cows as sacred and muslims who frowned upon eating/using pigs

  • They were both convinced that the british were trying to convert them to christianity

How did Britain change its role in governing India after the mutiny?

• Exiled the mughal emperor, ending the empire

• British took a more active role in its governing

  • The British Raj (colonial gov.) took direct orders from the British gov.

  • Many indians attended British universities

    • Well-educated Indians est. the indian national congress

Which country was left independent in South Asia?

Siam

How did Vietnam try to resist French rule?

• The top advisors of emperor Ham Nghi were very vocal about not liking the french

  • The french tried to assert control by raiding the royal palace, but the emperor had already been moved

• His supporters continued to resist the french until he was captured and exiled to Algeria

• Resistance continued under Phan Dinh Phung

What began the Philippine Revolution? Why were they upset and why did they expect freedom?

• The wealthy filipinos who were sent to study abroad met Jose Rizal and started a reform movement called Liga Filipina

  • Despite the leagues loyalty to spain, the spanish still feared them and capture and executed rizal

  • The nationalist ambitions and education the philippines now had encouraged them to rebel against the spanish

How did the Treaty of Paris lead to the Philippine-American War? What was the result?

• It transferred control of the philippines from the french to the US, the hostilities between the philippines and the US resulted in the Philippine-American War

  • US won

  • philippine troops were killed, americans died 

Who were the Aboriginal people?

In australia for around 50,000 years and have the longest continuous culture

How was Britain using Australia and New Zealand? Describe the resistance movements that occurred in these locations.

• They sent convicts and soldiers to establish colonies in New South Wales

  • They were told to treat the indigenous kindly but didn't recognize land ownership

  • They were also not protected by law as they were not british citizens

  • Thousands were killed protecting their land and resources

• British promised to protect the property rights of the maori through a treaty

• The maori were alarmed by the settlement patterns of the British and the maori wars broke out

  • British won

• The maori became reluctant to sell to the settlement farmers 

  • The british ignored the treaty and pressured the maori to sell their land using their troops

  • The war ended in an unstable peace and the maori had lost most of their land

Explain what Pan-Africanism was and how it connected to resistance to imperialism.

• Nationalism between western educated Africans

• Resulted from their shared identity and nationalism

Who were the Xhosa people - why did they kill their cattle?

• Natives of south africa

• They believed the killing of their cattle would set in motion a prophecy that would cleanse the land and drive the british out

Anglo-Zulu War:

• British desired Zuzuland for labor, the ability to create their South African Federation and Boer land claims on the Zulu territory

• Was originally in favor of the zulus but the British eventually won and took their lands

Samory Toure’s War

• Mande Chieftain, Samory Toure, led his troops to establish a kingdom in Guinea

• He opposed the french attempts to annex west africa and was eventually defeated but was offered protection by the french

• He went to war with the french after he failed to expand east 

• After losing he tried to reestablish his kingdom in the upper ivory coast but was later captured and exiled

Mahdist Revolt

• A sudanese Islamic cleric, Muhammad Ahmad, declared himself the guided one who would restore the glory of islam

• The sudanese had already resented the control of the egyptians and the arrival of the british only fueled it more

  • Ahmad turned the political movement into a religious one and formed an army to fight the egypt

    • The army took control of the area around the capital

    • A british-egyptian military later launched an attack against the Mahdists

    • The madhists overran the forces in 1885

    • After Ahmad's death, the Mahdists broke apart due to infighting

    • The british later returned and defeated the Mahdists

Yaa Asantewaa War

• The British made several attempts to subjugate the Asante Empire

  • The first 4 were unsuccessful, but the 5th one is known as the Yaa Asantewaa War

    • It began when the British governor of the gold coast demanded the gold stool, a symbol of national unity

    • Yaa Asantewaa was a warrior queen who led the rebellion

    • It was the last African war led by a woman

    • Resulted in deaths on both sides

    • The british won, Yaa Asantewaa was exiled, and the Asante became a part of the Gold Coast Colony