AP Biology Unit 6: Cell Energetics Notes Pt. 1

Chlorophyll

________: Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.

Photorespiration

________ is called a wasteful pathway since rubisco uses O2 instead of CO2.

Enolase

________ takes 2H2O molecules and forms two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate which has a 2, 3 double carbon bond.

Glycolysis

________ is the first step in cellular respiration, and it is anaerobic.

ATP

________ is used to move the 3C molecule from the bundle- sheath cells and to have it picked up by CO2 molecules.

Carotenoid

________: Any of a class of yellow to red plant pigments including the ________ and xanthophylls.

Plant pigment molecules

1Absorption of Light: ________ absorb only light in the wavelength range of 700 nm to 400 nm; this range is referred to as photosynthetically- active radiation.

NADP+

They are used as replacement electrons in PSII. ________ accepts these electrons at the end of the ETC, becoming reduced to NADPH.

CO2

________ is fixed in the mesophyll cell into 4 carbon organic acid by RER carboxylase.

Green light

What is least effective in driving photosynthesis since it is reflected and not absorbed by the chlorophyll? Answer with a single words or term.

Substrate level phosphorylation

________ uses a kinase enzyme to transfer a phosphate group from a substrate to an ADP molecule to make ATP.

Pyruvate kinase

________ uses 2 ADP molecules to synthesize 2 molecules of pyruvate from the two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate.

Pigments

Violet and blue have the shortest wavelengths and the most energy, whereas red has the longest wavelengths and carries the least amount of energy. ________ reflect or transmit the wavelengths they can not absorb, making them appear in the corresponding color.

C4 pathway

What is separated by space and CAM pathway by time? Answer with a single words or term.

Phosphoglycerate kinase

________ uses 2 ADP and attaches a phosphate that is taken from the two molecules of 1, 3- bisphosphoglycerate to form two molecules of 3- phosphoglycerate.

glucose molecule

The ________ is oxidized to create the two pyruvate molecules.

relative of C3

The ________ would decrease from 85 % as the abundance of C4 and CAM would increase in a geographic region whose climate becomes hotter and drier.

fructose 6 phosphate

The ________ is synthesized using phosphofructokinase- 1 and an ATP molecule to attach another phosphate group to make it fructose 1, 6- bisphosphate.

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

The ________ uses 2 NAD+ and reduces it to 2 NADH molecules to take away hydrogen and add a phosphate instead to make two molecules of 1, 3- bisphosphoglycerate.

glucose 6 phosphate molecule

This ________ is then changed to an isomer, which means the chemical formula is the same but the location and structure is changed, using a phosphoglucose isomerase to make a fructose 6- phosphate.

Photorespiration

________ decreases photosynthetic output by adding oxygen (O2), instead of carbon dioxide (CO2), to the Calvin cycle.