APUSH Period 7 ID terms

Emilio Aguinaldo

leader of the Filipino Independence movement against Spain and later the US, following the Spanish-American War

insurrectionist

a person who violently rises up against a government/authority

pander

play up to another's desires and weaknesses

Alfred Thayer Mahan

author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890), which called for the expansion of the navy and colonization. This book had a significant impact on US policy in the early 1900s

Josiah Strong

a clergyman who blended ideas of Social Darwinism with racial superiority, and justified colonization as a "civilizing mission". He also wrote Our Country, which attacked immigration and called for American expansion globally

condemn

to express strong disapproval of

John J. Pershing

US general that attempted to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico, was also the commander of US forces in Europe during WW1

Pancho Villa

a leader during the Mexican Revolution that raided the city of Columbus, NM in response to the US backing Carranza

Alice Paul

leader of the National Women's Party, advocated for women's rights and the 19th amendment

16th Amendment

made it legal for the government to impose an income tax

17th Amendment

allowed senators to be directly elected instead of being selected by the state legislatures

18th Amendment

Prohibition amendment - prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol

19th Amendment

gave women the right to vote

Marcus Garvey

African American leader who advocated for remigration to Africa (Back to Africa movement) and promoted racial separatism and self-reliance

Langston Hughes

African American poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance and celebrated African American culture and literature

espouse

to adopt/support a cause

F. Scott Fitzgerald

wrote The Great Gatsby and This Side of Paradise, both being critiques of changing moral attitudes during the 1920s

Albert Einstein

developed the theory of relativity

Henry Ford

founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, which were a major improvement in efficiency

Sigmund Freud

physician who focused on the unconscious mind, and whose ideas were used to challenge Victorian-era moral codes

Committee on Public Information

government agency (led by George Creel) that produced propaganda to get people to support US involvement in WW1

Richard Wright

African American author who wrote about racial oppression in books such as Native Son

John Steinbeck

writer who wrote The Grapes of Wrath, a novel about the Dust Bowl and economic hardship

Dorothea Lange

photographer who recorded the Great Depression and highlighted the hardships faced by regular people

Mary McLeod Bethune

African American advisor to FDR, led the Office of Minority Affairs, and advocated for equality

Civillian Conservation Corps

a New Deal program that employed millions in environmental conservation jobs

Social Security Act

created old age pensions and made the government more involved in social welfare

Works Progress Administration/WPA

New Deal agency that employed millions of people to build public infrastructure

Tennessee Valley Authority

New Deal agency made to modernize the Tennessee Valley region by building dams for electricity and navigation

Keynesian economics

economic theory made by John Maynard Keynes that emphasizes deficit spending to end recessions, which was a major part of FDR's New Deal

Neutrality Acts

laws passed in the 1930s to keep the US out of war by restricting weapons sales and loans to countries at war

Operation Overlord

codename for D-Day

Executive Order 9066

forced Japanese-Americans into internment camps following the attack on Pearl Harbor

Battle of Midway

1942 battle between the US and Japan - was a major turning point in the war as Japan was badly defeated

Battle of Iwo Jima

1945 battle between the US and Japan for control over Iwo Jima, known for high casualties

Manhattan Project

a secret US project for the construction of the atomic bomb

Ida B. Wells

African American activist who co-founded the NAACP, was also a muckraker that focused on racial injustices

Atlantic Charter

US-UK statement of goals for the post-war world in 1941 (before US involvement), emphasizing self-determination and global cooperation

Lend-Lease Act

allowed the government to supply military aid to nations (UK, USSR, China, etc) that were considered vital for the defense of the US

Office of War Information

agency created during WW2 to create and distribute propaganda and inform the public about the war