Respiratory Inflammation/Infection Study Guide

These flashcards cover key terminologies and definitions related to respiratory infections and disorders, helping to prepare for an exam.

Bacterial Pneumonia

Caused by bacterial infection.

Viral Pneumonia

Caused by viral infection.

Community Acquired Pneumonia

Acquired outside of hospital or healthcare setting.

Aspiration Pneumonia

Occurs when food or liquid enters the lungs instead of the stomach.

Vent-associated pneumonia

Occurs after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation.

Walking Pneumonia

Doesn’t require hospital treatment, has milder symptoms.

Risk factors for pneumonia

Include infants, children, elderly, lung diseases, heart diseases, HIV, cancer, smoking.

Manifestations of pneumonia

Cough, shortness of breath (SOB), chest pain, crackles, weakness, fatigue.

Acute Bronchitis

Viral infection of the bronchi characterized by sore throat, nasal discharge, muscle aches, persistent cough, and fever.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Bacterial infection of the lungs with symptoms like fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, chronic cough, night sweats, and pleuritic chest pain.

Atelectasis

Occurs post-operatively where some alveoli lack full inflation, with symptoms such as shallow breathing and tachycardia.

COVID-19

A disease affecting the respiratory system, with symptoms including loss of taste and smell, fever, and congestion.

Epiglottitis

A potentially life-threatening condition where the airway is closed, leading to difficulty breathing.

Croup (LTB)

Respiratory illness affecting the larynx, trachea, and bronchi characterized by barking cough and occurs mainly in fall and winter.

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Characterized by blockage of airflow.

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Characterized by a reduction in lung expansion or volume.

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways leading to wheezing, dyspnea, and bronchospasm.

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic inflammation of the bronchi, part of COPD, leading to productive cough and frequent respiratory infections.

Emphysema

A condition of COPD characterized by destruction of alveolar walls and impaired gas exchange.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Accumulate of air in the pleural space without known cause.

Tension pneumothorax

Air enters the pleural space and cannot escape.

Pulmonary Embolus

A blockage in a pulmonary artery caused by a blood clot traveling to the lungs.