AMT final (copy)

Trevor Nunn

who wrote lyrics to memory?

fiddler on the roof

what is the Bock and harnick world musical popular in japan?

traditional revival

what kind of revival is reminiscent of the original production?

11 o'clock number

what type of song is "Rose's Turn"?

self referential/ reflexive musical

what celebrates musical theatre while making fun of it?

chicago

2nd longest broadway musical & Longest running American musical

Evita tim rice and alw

Name this musical about the rise to power of an Argentinian dictator

Gypsy (1957)

name is Derogatory towards Romani people
1947 memoir, source material- memoir of gypsy rose lee, famous for the psychology of a stripper
Got Pulitzer prize for drama
9 tony nominations, no wins because it was running against the Sound of Music
Music Jule Styne, lyrics Stephen Sondheim, book author Laurents

Rose's Turn

11 o’clock number
Double meaning of word ‘turn’
Jerome Robbins wanted it to be a “Nightmare ballet”
Ethel merman couldn't dance and they ran out of time to choreograph it
Late at night Sondheim and Styne wrote it taking melody lines from different songs throughout the ballet
Patti = much rawer in quality
Bernadette = much more controlled

Jule Styne

Wrote music for gypsy
Had a "trunk" of songs, published 1500 songs
Child prodigy, big gambler, cigar in mouth
Wrote "let it snow"
Wrote 18 musicals, at one point there was a new show on broadway by this person every year year: Funny Girl, Gentleman Prefer Blondes

Hair (1968)

First rock musical
Gave look into hippie life without people having to go to the hippies
Book and lyrics: Jerome ragni and James Rado
Public theatre: joseph prapp
Music: Galt McDermont
V different from j and j
Producer: Micheal Butler
Running to be senator for NY on a anti-war platform
1750 performances
No real plot, various povs from the counter culture movement, deals with race but comidically
Rock and roll can meet dramatic demands of musical thetare
Contributed to birth of rock musical, but had delayed effect like show boat
Lots of imitators but no success for 25 years

Jerome Ragni

Wrote book and lyrics of hair with James Rado
Was a hippie who wanted to write abt the alt movement

James Rado

Wrote book and lyrics of hair with jerome ragni
Was a hippie who wanted to write abt the alt movement

Environmental theatre

This happens in hair
The actors break the fourth wall and the entire space/ environment becomes a part of the show/ story

Concept Musical

Company, Hair
A musical that has a common theme or idea connecting it together
but most likely odes not have a traditional real plot
Theme and idea is the central point of the story, not a linear narrative
Songs comment on action rather than moving plot forward

Michael Bennette

First choreographer then director-choreographer of a chorus line
Loves dance, opened studio at 12
Joined europe as baby john in west side story at 16
Idolized jerome robbins

Workshop

Dancers Project- became a chorus line was the first workshop was 18 months
Basicaclly get mone and space to improve your musical

Public Theatre

Joseph papp- artistic director
Dancers project used- first workshop?
goerge c wolf is the director

A Chorus Line

Dancers project- first workshop
Gathered a bunch of dancers and recorded them discussing their lives and careers
Micheal Bennette- choreographer then director choreographer
Reality based musical, most actors played themself
Shows blue-collar workers of broadway
Is about putting yourself on the line, universal theme, metaphor for life
Longest Runnign Broadway Musical at that time 6137 Performances (closed in 1990)
Currently the 7th longest running
9 Tonys, Pultizer Prize
2006 Revival
Exact replica of the og production

Sung-Through Musical

Hamilton, Rent, Jesus Christ supper star, cats, les miserbels
No/little dialogue, is sung through
Score tells the story

Reflexive Musical

Musical that celebrates musical theatre and makes fun of the conventions/cliquas of musical theatre
Shrek, Urinetown the muscial,
Drops pretence that peep randomly break into song and dance

Urinetown, the musical

2001, all writers broadway debut
Lyrics marke Hollman and Greg Kotis
Music: Mark Hollman
Book greg Kotis
965 performances, 3 tonys best book, score, direction

Jukebox Musical

A musical with the score composed of previously released songs
Mamma mia, rock of ages

Rock of Ages

Reflexive, jukebox, rock musical
Book: chris d’argieno
Music: 1980’s glam rock
Bon jovi, styx, twisted siter, steve perry, poison, journey
2328 performances, no tonys

Dansical (dance musical)

All dance, little to no dialogue or singing, some music with lyrics used
Fosse, come fly away, Contact

Contact

2000
Developed by susan stroman and john weiman
Susan stroman choreographer and director
Used prerecorded music, jukebox musical and dancicle
Beach Boys to Tchaikovsky
Tony for best musical
Created new reward, tony for best theatrical event
1010 performances

Susan Stroman

Developed idea for contact
directed/ choreographed contact, the producers, Scottsburro Brothers

Screen-to-Stage Musical

Musical using book (and sometimes score) of an already produced movie

the producers

directed/ choreographed by Susan stroman
Book by mel brookes and thomas meeham
Music and lyrics by mel brookes
Reflexive, based on 1968 film of same name
12 tonys, only show to win in every category it was nominated for
2501 performances

archival revival

Exactly the same as the original show
A chorus line

traditional revival

Similar as the original show but not exactly the same, reminiscent
Oaklahoma w/ hugh jackman, 2017-18 Ms Saigon

revisionist revival

New take all together
Sweeny Todd assylumn, Company 2006 and company 2022

jerry bock

Composer of fiddler on the roof and fiorello
Taught himself to play by ear
First musical in highschool
Created award that allows artist not to worry for a year but just work on their art

sheldon harnick

Fiddler on the roof, fiorello lyrisict
Alot of songs have twist at end where lyric changes and still has twist

Fiorello

composer jerry bock
Lyrisct sheldon harnick
Hal prince produced
George abbot directed
795 performances, 3 tonys
1960 pulitzer prize
Book, george abbot and Jerome Weidman

George abbott

Director, playwright, producer, actor, librettist, screen writer
Directed and help write book for Fiorello!
Rogers and heart go to director in 30s
The abbott touch, called mr abbott
Worked on 116 broadway shows
Scripted doctor
Master of golden age damatist technique and structure,
Credited with formulaic structur eof musicals in the 30s 40s
Og director for the pijama game and damn yankees
Helped with fancy free
Hal Prince Assistant stage managed for his musicals

the fiddler on the roof

First musical that was Bock & Harnicks idea
Book: Joseph Stein
Director/Choreographer: Jerome Robbins
Later tried to claim that it was his idea
Helped him reconcile with his father
End of golden age musical
The metaphor of the fiddler, jewish experience, tradition, precarious position
Leitmotif of tradition
Hugely popular around the world, especially in japan, first worlde musical
Og production starred Zero Mostel as Tevye
Jerome Robbins copyrights his choreography in this, first time we see this
Takes place in 1905 russia, present ukrain
Based on short stories Tevye’s Daughters by Shalom Aleichem
Title from a painting by Marc Chagall, surrealist painter. The Fiddler (1912)

pogrom

Anti semetic violence, the raids in fiddler
Diaspora- seperation of people from their home land

diaspora

seperation of people from their home land

hal prince

Guru of concept musical
Producer- fiorello , director- company
64 broadway shows,
21 tonys- most for any individual

Bob Fosse

Fosse style dance
Choreographed damn yankees, pajama game.
Director+ choreographer of chicago
Father taught ball room dancing
Toured with USO performing naval bases
Formed riff brother with childhood friend
Spent most of childhood backstage at burlesque shows

fosse style

Bob fosse’s style of dance
Purposeful movements, probs liek hats, canes and gloves
Distinct, jazz hands, body percussion, not genders, sex pump and grind, vaudville esq
Know it when you see it

john Cancer

Composser of chicago, scottsboro boys
Worked on gypsy as composer for dance sequences
Stereo typical midwestern

Fred Ebb

book and lyrics to chicago and Scottsboro boys
New yorker, worked for years before joining with kander

Chicago

Music john kander, lyrics fred ebb
book fred ebb and bob fosse
Director. Choreographer bob fosse
Source: play by maurene dallas walkins, when she dies they got the rights
11 tony nom, no wins, mixed reviews
Film version- oscar for best film

1996 revival of chicago

Very successful, 6 tonys
Close to oj trial so audience more receptive to criminals as celebraties thems

the scottsboro boys

Book david thomson, lyrics fred ebb, music john kander
Susan stromman, director, chourigrapher
Based on tru story of scottsboror boys, framed as minstrel show- controversal
12 tony nom, no wins
49 performances

les miserables

Mega musical, sung through
Based on the book by vitor hugh
Lyrics: Alain Boublil
Music: Claude-Michel Schonberg
Director trevor nunn
Sets john napier

Miss Saigon

Mega musical, sung through musical
Lyrics- elan boubil and richard maltbury
Music- claudmichel sconberg
Director trever nunn
Dets john napier- real helicopter
Updated version of puccinis opera - madame butterfly
4092 performances
2017-18 broadway revival traditional

Alain boublil

Lyrics to les misserbles and miss saigon

Claude-Michel Schönberg

Music to les mis and miss saigon

non-tradtional casting

When casting without considering race or ethnisity
pros
Gives more oportunities to poc actors
Cons
token isue- now we have our token—
Still tellijng just whiet stories
Comentary with casting choices

“I Am Miss Saigon and I Hate It” Article

Miss representation of the veitameise comunity, just a white savior feel good story for white people
Why not tell the reality of vietnamese experience, thats not fun for the stage
Brings up the descussion of teh need to tell all sort of storys and for people to be given opportunities to tell it from their own perspective
May give opportunities to asian american actors but still need storys taht represent them accurately

Bring in ‘da Noise, Bring in ‘da Funk

revue/ dancical
Musical and lyrics by lots of composers
Conceived by George C. Wolf (director of public theatre)
1135 performances
First time story was told of POC, story of b;ack experience from slavery to modern day

Mega-Musicals

Andrew loyd webber and cameron mackintosh liked these
Huge in all respects, source material, score, tech, world appeal, spectacle more important than plot
80’s 90’s, les mis, phantom of the opera. Miss saigon, cats

Trevor Nunn

Spectacle musical director
Directed les miserbles, miss saigon, cats, starlight express

John Napier

Set designer of spectacle musicals; les miserbles, miss saigon, cats, starlight express

Andrew Lloyd Webber

Doesnt understand human voice, people who do his shows can only do 5 a week because of the demand
Sung through musicals: cats, evita,jesus christ super star
Megga musicals, eclectic musical style
Composer, producer, businessman,showman
Loves and hated
Knighted
Acusedd of plagiarism
Lack of content and character development
2 of the top 5 broadway musicals are his, phantom and cats
Really Usefull Group (RUG)

Really Useful Group (R.U.G.)

Andrew Lloyd webbers company
First to be put in stock exchange
Name is reference to starlight express

Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat

Andrew loyd webber, music
Lyrics- tim rice
747 performances
Family friendly biblical story of joseph
7 tony nom, no wins

Tim Rice

Lyrics- Joseph and teh amazing technicolor drem coat, jesus christ supper star, evita
Did NOT work on cats, this is when alw and rice had a falling out
After falling out, lyrics to beauty and the beast and lion king

Evita

Music- andrew lloyd webber
Lyrics tim rice
Director hal prince
Sung through
1567 performances, 7 tony wins
Patty lepone
Ava Peron -> said about role “I was screaming my way through a role that could’ve only been written by a man who hates women”

Cats

Falling out between webber and rice so they did not work together for thai production
lyrics- T.S. elliot- most from his book old possums book of practical cat
Music- andrew lloyd webber
Produced y cameron mackintosh
Designer- john napier
Director trever nun- responsible for memory
Ran for 18 years. 4th Longest running musical in Broadway history (7485 Performances

T.S. Eliot

Lyrics to cats most taken from his poetry book, Old Possom’s Book of Practical Cat
Did NOT write memory

Jesus Christ Superstar

Music andrew loyd webber
Lyrics- tim rice
Sung through rock opera, began as concept album
Protests but now used to teach christianity
Anachronism

Cameron Mackintosh

Producer of cats, phantom of the opera, les miserbles,
Started as asm from london born in a middle class fam
Began global marketing as well as distinct logos making ot easy to recognize the individual musical

global marketing

Started by cameron mackintosh
tightly controlled, specific logos, consistency everywhere

the starlight express

In the top 3 longest running musicals of london, also germans love it

Stephen Sondheim

Lyrics to west side story and gypsy
Mentor: Oscar Hammerstein, advised him to write the lyrics for the musicals he only did that for
Went beyond integration, songs should be little plays
Was against rock and pop musicals until jonathan larson and lin maneul miranda
Self expressive but integrated
Sondheim paradox- experimental sensibility in popular art form
First musical broadway that he composed and lyrics - A funny Thing happened on the way to the forum

Company

Sondhiem lyrics and music
Book: george furth
Director and producer hal prince
Can you do a musical with no plot?, archetype of concept musical
6 tonys including best musical, 705 performances
Barcelona- subtext/ song as a play
2006 Revival
Directed by john Doyle
Revisionist revival performers also the musicians
Tony for best revival
2022 Revival
Bobbie -> woman playing bobbie
Revionsit revival: gender twists
Tony for Best Revival

Sweeney Todd (1972)

Sondheim musica and lyrics
Director hal prince
Book hugh wheeler
Source play by christopher bond
Based on mythical figure in london
Eugene lee designed the chair/ shoot thing as well as wicked
Parellels to inequidies in american culure in the 70s
Class devide grows, nixon, middle class not as well off
8 tonys including best musical

John Doyle

2005 Revival of Sweeney Todd
All instruments, in assylum
Revisionist reviva

Sunday in the Park with George

Book and director, james lapine
Inspired by the painting “Sunday Afternoon on the Isle of La Grande Jatte” , the fistionalized life of the painter george cerra, 2nd act 100 years later with descendant
1985 pulitzer prize for drama
Creating art is work, abt the details, working out the details of what art is saying

Corporatization of Broadway

Disney got time square comersialized,revamp theatre district
Artists no like
Corporations on Bway
Spongebob Square Pants Nikelodeon
Wicked Universal Studios
Shrek Dreamworks
Disney Theatrical

Disney Theatricals

Only corp with there own negotiations with union contracts
Work directy with actors equity
Only one withown division of theatre

Beauty and the Beast

Basically what was on screen plopped on stage
Music- Alan menken
Lyrics time rice and howard ashamn
Tenth longest running show
9 tony nom, 1 win in costumes
20mil budget, 5461 performances

Howard Ashman

Lyrics to beauty and the beast, little mermaid, and aladdin

Alan Menken

Music for beauty and the beast, little mermaid, aladdin and newsies

The Lion King

Music elton john
Lyrics- time rice
Director julie tamor
Dont hide magic astetic, based on backrgound of indonesian puppetry
Choral music lebo m
Tiny for best musical, only disney one to earn this

Julie Taymor

Direct the lion king
Dont hide magic astetic with indonesian puppetry background
Mae sure that at least 2 south african actors where in lion king
Also directed spiderman but was forced to leave bc injuries

the little mermaid

Heelies to look like swimming on stage
Alan menken- music
lyrics - howard ashmen and glen slater
No tonys, 685 performances

Marry Poppins

First disney musical based on live action film
Co produced- cameron mackintosh and disney
2619 performances, 8tony nom, 1 win(set)
Lost best musical to spring awakening

Newsies (2012)

Disney
More successful tahn thought woud
Based on 1992 cult film
Music alan menkien
Book harvey feinstein
Lyrics jack feldman
Open march 29 2012
Thought no success and only want 101 shows but ended up running for 1004 performances
Won 2 tonys best score and coreographer

Aladdin (2014)

On broadway rn
Music alan menken
Lyrics howard ashman
5 tony nom 1 win, best actor

Frozen

Music and lyrics- kristen anderson-lopez and bobby lopez
Book jennifer lee
825 performances bc covid
3 tony nom no win

Rock Musicals

Hair was first but delayed efect so not many in 60s and 70s not until 1993 with the whos tommy
Rent is also one

Rock Musical "requirments"

___ Musical aspects include...
Youth culture
Performers, creators and overall aesthetic
Counter culture
Alienated comunity
Rebellion
“Sex drugs and rock n roll” search for identity
Sound
Raw, electric, amplified, synthesized

The Who’s Tommy

Next rock musical to finally take off after hair
Based on a 1963 concept album by The Who
Music and Lyrics: Pete Townshend
Book: Townshed and Des McAnuff
Director: Des McAnuff
8999 performances, 4 tonys, cast full of broadway debut performers that became v successful

rent

Music and lyrics and book- jonathan larson
Rock musical, sung through
Director micheal greif
4 tonys including best
Pulitzer prize
Modern retelling of puccis la beheme
Moved to nederlander theater on west 41rst
Theatre wasnt used for a decade, sketch area, theatre fits astetic of the show

Jonathan Larson

Rent, tik tik boom
Menti of stephen sondhiem
Died 35 arotic tear, night of first off broadway preview
Born in Westchester, NY
Influenced by pop music AND musical theatre
Not an overnight success
Tik, Tick, Boom…(1990)
Wrote music for Sesame Street among many other projects
Mentored by Stephen Sondheim

“What’s Wrong with the Broadway Musical” article

Basically- are we still being innovative with our musicals? Or naw

Commodity Musicals

Based on commercially successful well remembered movies

Wicked (2003)

5th longest running musical in a bit will surpass cats 4th
Based on novel by gregory maguire
Book- winnie holzman
Music lyrics- stephen schwartz

Avenue Q

Jeff marx robert lopez- music and lyrics
Book- jeff witty
“Seaseme street for adults” Rasism, porn,gay
All but 3 charcaters are puppets
Won 3 tonys includimng best musical beating wicked bc lyes

next to normal

Pulitzer prize
Rock musical
Music lyrics ryan yorkie
Book: tom kit
11 tony nom 3 wins
733 performances

Spider-man Turn off the dark

Most expensive musical on broadway, 75 mil
Lot sgo hurt- OSHA
Huge hit - grossed 2mil a week
Set and costume noms tony
1056 performances
182 preview, usually 20
Director: Julie Taymor (“left” the production)
Replaced by Philip William McKinley

Kinky Boots

Music and lyric cyndi lauper
First woman to win tony for best score
Book by harvey fierstein
Inspired by true story and based on 2005 film
13 nom 6 wins imcludimg best musical
Accept everyone no matter differences

A strange loop 2022

Pulitzer prize (10th)
2022 tony for best musical
Book, music and Lyrics by Micheal R Jackson
Jonathan Larsen Grant Winner
Upcoming work White Girl in Danger

Lin-Manuel Miranda

Hamilton, in the heights
1980, in NYC
Puertirican decent
Mom psychiatrist
Dad political consultant
Privlaged
Began writing in highschool
When to hs with chris hayes
Won mcarthor “genius fellowship” after in the heights
Attended Wesleyan University
When performing in in the heights is comissione dto translate lyrics of west side story
In the Heights
Music and lyrics lin manual miranda
Book: Quiara Alegria Hudes
4 tonys including best musical, 1184 performances
Started as student production when he was a sophomore in college as improv rap, over 9 years made way to broadway

Hamilton (2015)

Lin manual miranda composer, lyricist and book
Source material: Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow
Wanted it to be a concept album, mix tape originally but owner of public thetare convince dhm to bring it to the stage
16 tony noms 11 tony wins, 9th pulitzer prize for drama
Cast album reached 2 on billboard charts, first to d this since hair