Horticulture Exam 2

Cultivar

plant derived through human intervention and will not produce reliable identical seeds to parent cultivar.

How are cultivars written?

Cercis Canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ - single quotations

Types of cultivars that are discovered and developed

A chance seedling propagated by humans and genetic mutations

Type of cultivar that is developed

Hybrids made by plant breeders

Methods of vegetative plant propagation

cuttings, grafting (tying two stems/transplant to see if they work)

How was hearts of gold discovered and what is it?

Jon Roethling (ncsu alum) discovered a unique yellow redbud tree. The chance seedling was developed/grafted it asexually by plant nursery in TN.

Why grafting?

you can get a good root system from another plant and graft it with a more desirable plant to grow from the top/foliage

What is a sport?

a branch that is mutated. bud sport is discovered and then developed

How to write a hybrid cultivar

Lyocopersican esculentum x ‘Big Boy’

How to write a hybrid Genus

X Cuprecocyparis leylandi

How to write a hybrid species

Cupressus x alba

Nature of the hybrid seeds

the offspring won’t yield what their parents produce. DO NOT come true from seed

Inflorescence

flowers in clusters; ex: hydrangea

How was the cultivar Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’ found and spread?

White hydrangea happened by chance seedling and was spread by the Kirkpatrick sisters by cuttings and propagation. Dr. McDaniel saw it in Anna, Illinois after knocking on the door of the daughter of one of the kirkpatrick sisters. He named the cultivar ‘Annabelle’ (anna after the town and belle after the sisters).

Hybrid Cultivar and example mentioned in class

sexually crossing between a pair of plants. You can only get that hybrid through by sex, the hybrid seeds will not be like their parents. Example: Big Boy tomatos

Registered trademark names

name given to plant to market it. NOT a plant patent. TM trademark, R registered trademark.

Example of a trademark name

Cercis Canadensis ‘NC2016-2’ turned into Flame thrower R. However, in Europe people were not pleased with this name in relation to WW2. Flame thrower lost its luster and was changed to Eternal Flame R.

How is a trademark name written

trademark name and TM or R above it. Example: Flame thrower R

Immasculation

removing male parts of the flower

How was Cercis Canadensis  ‘Ruby Falls’ created?

Dr. Dennis Warner crossed Cercis Canadensis ‘Covey’ (green weeping redbud) with Cercis Canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ (purple leaf upright redbud). He immasculated covey by removing male parts, he put pollen collected from forest pansy onto covey! The seeds from cross were collected and produced 19 upright green redbuds. BUT the 100 plus seeds from these produced a mix of everything. He picked the best one from the bunch and destroyed the rest. Creating RUBY FALLS (a purple/burgundy weeping red bud)!!!! He grafter many plants from that one plant.