Key Dates 1890-1920

AQA History A-Level - 1K

When did the support for populism begin to rise?

1890

When was the sherman anti-trust act?

1890

When was the massacre at wounded knee?

1890

When was Grover Cleveland elected?

1892

When was general electric founded?

1892

When was the homestead steelworks strikes

1892

When was the financial panic and start of depression?

1893

When was the turner thesis and the end of the frontier

1893

When was McKinley elected?

1896

When did dow jones industrial average start

1896

When was the Plessy v Ferguson case and what did it rule?

1896 - ‘separate but equal’

When did standard oil control 84% of US oil

1898

When did the spanish American war start?

1898

When was McKinley assasinated?

1901

When was US steel formed?

1901

When was the platt amendment and what did it do?

1901 - permitted extensive U.S. involvement in Cuban international and domestic affairs for the enforcement of Cuban independence

When was Ford Motor Company founded?

1903

When was the alaska boundary dispute resolved?

1901

When and what was the roosevelt corollary?

• 1904

• addition to the monroe doctrine

• stated that the United States would intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and keep European powers out.

When was the financial panic that was averted by J P Morgan

1907

When was the voyage of the great white fleet?

1907

When was the NAACP founded?

1909

When was the ‘Bull Moose’ progressive party founded?

1912

When was there US military intervention in Nicaragua and why?

1912 - to secure financial interests, prevent other nations from building an interoceanic canal, and stabilize governments friendly to the US

Nicaragua had also cancelled the economic priviledges previously granted to the US mining concerns

When and why was the federal reserve esablished?

1913 - to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable financial system

When was there a women’s suffrage parade in NYC?

1913

When was the modern KKK founded?

1915

When was the sinking of the Lusitania?

1915

When was the Espionage Act passed and what did it do?

1917 - made it illegal to interfere with U.S. military operations or support its enemies during wartime

When and why did the US enter WW1?

1917 - Germany’s continuation of submarine warfare and the interception of the Zimmerman telegram

When was the Red Scare: the first palmer raids?

1919

When was the 18th amendment passed? - Prohibition

1919

When was the Paris Peace Conference?

1919

When was the election of Warren Harding?

1920

When was the 19th amendment passed? - Women’s suffrage

1920

When did the US reject the League of Nations?

1920

When was income tax introduced?

1913

When was the workmens compensation act put in place?

1916

When did the democrat and populist parties merge and why?

1896 - so that they didn’t lose votes to each other in the election

When was the federal reserve act?

1913

When and what was the federal child labour act?

1916 - Banned the sale of products made by children under certain ages to curb child labor in the U.S.

When and what was the federal trade comission?

1914 - prevent unfair business practices and protect consumers

When and what was the clayton anti trust act?

1914 - aimed to prevent anti-competitive practices e.g. by prohibiting price discrimination

When and what was the selective service act?

1917 - required men to register for the military draft to ensure enough troops for World War I

When and what was the organic act?

1916 - created the National Park Service to preserve and manage US national parks and natural landmarks for public enjoyment

When and what was the second open door policy?

1900 - reaffirmed US support for equal trade access in China

When and what was the open door policy?

1899 - promoted equal trade access to China for all foreign nations while preserving China’s territorial integrity

When and what was the teller amendment?

1898 - stated that the US would not annex Cuba and would leave control of the island to its people after the Spanish-American War

When and what was the Knox-Porter resolution?

1921 - formally ended US involvement in WW1, as the US had not ratified the Treaty of Versaille

When was Harrison president?

1889-1893

When was Cleveland President? (Second term)

1893-1897

When was McKinley President?

1897-1901

When was Roosevelt president?

1901-1909

When was Taft President?

1909-1913

When was Wilson president?

1913-1921

Hom many immigrants moved to the US 1901-1910

14 million

When was the Alaska-Yukon gold rush?

1897-1899 - increased amount of gold in circulation

How many miles of railroad track was there in total in 1890?

167,000

What did Baldwins produce 1914-1918 for the allies?

• 6 million artilery shells

  • 5500 military locomotives

When was the Pittsburg Steelworker Strike and way did it happen?

1892 → wages cut and they refused any union negotiations

When was the Pullman Strike and why did it happen?

1894 → Pullman company cut wages but refused to reduce employee housing rent.

• paralysed the railroad system aross the US

When was the Roosevelt corollary?

1904

When did the US establish a protectorate over E.Samoa and why?

1900 - didn’t want germany/britain to have influence there

When did the US buy the Philipenes, for how much and why?

1898 - $20million - feared Britain/Germany would take it over

When did the US intervene in Venesuela and why?

1895 - to prevent Britain using military force to gain control

When was the panama canal built?

1904-1914

→ Opened Aug 1914 and linked the Atlantic and Pacific oceans - more efficient for trading

When was the Spanish-American war and what did the US gain from it?

1898

→ aquisition of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philipenes

→ Independence of cuba from spanish rule

When was the Spanish-Cuban war?

1895-1898

How many more tons of iron & steel is the US producing compared to Britain by 1910?

20 million tons

How much did iron production increase 1890-1900?

920,000 tons - 10.3 million tons

How much of the world’s wheat is the US producing by 1900? (%)

25%

When did Ford raise his worker’s income and by how much?

1914 - raises wages from $2.83/9hr day to $5.00/8hr day

Why did the economy grow?

• Mass Immigration

  • 1901-1910 → 14mil

• WW1 & Global Demand for goods

  • Baldwins produced 6mil artilery shells & 5500 military locomotives for the allies

• Natural Resources

  • Iron production - bessemer process - 1890 = 920,000 tons 1900 = 10.3mil tons

  • By 1890 → worlds largest oil producer - 70k-100k barrels/day

• New Production Methods

  • Henry Ford - assembly line + allowed him to raise wages $2.83/day to $5

• Gov Policies

  • Alaska - Yukon gold rush 1897-99 → increase gold in circulation

  • 1913 Federal Reserve Board = regulate new banking system

Why was there a 1907 financial crash?

Colapse of 3rd largests trust in NY & NY stock exchange decreased by 50%

When and what was the Cuban - American Treaty?

1903 - Made cuba heavily economically dependent on the US

What did the Russo-Japanese war show about the US?

The US was a world power and could be a negotiator to other wars

How much did trade with the allies increase for the us at the start of WW1?

400% 1914-1916

What adn when was the Zimmerman Telegram?

• 1917 - issued by the German Foreign Office proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico → proposed if the US abandoned neutrality, entering the war against them, Germany and Mexico would fight together and

  • In return Mexico would gain Texas, New Mexico and Arizona

When was the National Labour Board set up and what did it do?

1918 → settles industrial disputes (considered 1200+ cases)

What did the War Labour Policies Board do?

set wages - and employment standards

• steel industry wages doubled and union membership rose 2.3mil during the war

What and when was the Boston Police Strike?

1919 → 78% police officers went on strike

• one demand was the right to join a TU

When did mississipi ratify a literacy test?

1890