Socialization Ch. 3

These flashcards cover key concepts and theories related to socialization and human development as discussed in the lecture notes.

What is socialization?

Socialization is the lifelong learning experience humans undergo to develop their skills, capabilities, potentials, and learn culture.

What debate exists regarding the influence on human behavior?

The debate is whether human nature (biological and genetic composition) or nurture (social learning or socialization) has the most important effect on shaping human behavior.

What are the two opposing instincts according to Sigmund Freud?

Eros (sexual instincts, thirst, and hunger) and thanatos (aggressive drives and risky behaviors).

What are the three components of personality according to Freud?

The id (basic drives), ego (the self balancing societal requirements and innate drives), and superego (laws and cultural values acting as social control).

What are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, and Formal operational stages.

What is the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

In the preconventional stage, rightness is defined by what makes the individual feel good.

What distinguishes boys' and girls' moral reasoning according to Carol Gilligan?

Boys develop a justice perspective (formal rules) while girls develop a care and responsibility perspective (personal relationships).

What does George Mead's Theory of the Social Self emphasize?

The self develops through social experience and the taking of the role of others.

What are the four key agents of socialization?

The family, school, peer group, and mass media.

What is the role of the family in socialization?

The family inculcates values, norms, beliefs, and skills, and affects the socialization children receive based on their class.

What does the hidden curriculum in schools refer to?

The hidden curriculum refers to the informal values and lessons taught in schools beyond formal education.

How does socialization continue throughout the life course?

Socialization occurs from childhood through adolescence, adulthood, and into old age.

What is 'gerontology'?

Gerontology is the study within sociology that examines the intricate issues of aging.

What is 'ageism'?

Ageism refers to discrimination and prejudice against the elderly.

What is a total institution?

A total institution is a setting where individuals are isolated and resocialized to conform to societal rules.

What are some characteristics of total institutions according to Erving Goffman?

Daily activities supervised, standardized environment, and guided daily routines.