Ch 12: DNA Analysis

Chromosomes are located on large structures in the cell called genes

False

DNA is in every nucleated cell of the human body.

True

The basic unit of all living things is the gene

False

A single strand of human DNA would reach around the world.

False

Even identical twins have differences in their DNA.

False

Genes are made up of varying numbers of base pairs

True

Red blood cells can be used to type DNA

False

RFLP is the most common type of DNA typing performed in labs today.

False

Hydrogen bonds are extremely strong bonds

False

It takes about 2 hours to complete one sequence of PCR amplification

False

Only some of the 50 states contribute to CODIS

False

Mitochondira are found within the cell's nucleus

False

The FBI has only one index in their DNA database

False

The FBI maintains an offender index with DNA profiles that can be linked to crime scene evidence

True

The heavier, denser molecules move the furthest on an electrophoresis gel

False

The human body has approximately

35,000 genes

T always pairs with

A

C always pairs with

G

The sequence of base pairs for all humans is:

99.9% the same

Assume that two strands of DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is TTGC. What is the sequence of bases on the complimentary strand?

AACG

DNA base pairs are held together with

a hydrogen bond and a sugar phosphate

Each of the DNA bases contains the element

Nitrogen

A base, a sugar molecule and a phosphate group is called a

nucleotide

Which of the following is NOT a means of DNA typing?

all of these are means of DNA typing

To characterize DNA using RFLP, the DNA must be cut into smaller pieces using:

restriction enzymes

A procedure that separates DNA fragments according to size is:

electrophoresis

Which of the following is NOT part of the RFLP process

differentiating

PCR is a technique scientists use to:

generate more copies of DNA when only a small amount is available

The person responsible for the development of PCR testing is (was):

Kary Mullis

The use of DNA typing began:

in the 1980s

The use of STR's began in the:

1990s

Evidence from a crime scene that can be used for DNA typing includes:

saliva, semen, hair follicles, vaginal secretions

DNA from nucleated cells is inherited from:

the mother and father

Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) is inherited from:

only the mother

Polymerase is a(an):

enzyme

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using STR instead of RFLP?

It can be put into CODIS and RFLP can't

What is used to separate the DNA molecule in the PCR process?

Heating

STR's are amplified by using:

PCR

The preferred number of loci for STR typing is:

13

The database that stores DNA profiles is:

CODIS

The advantage in using more than one loci for STR typing is that:

the probability of matching another's DNA dramatically decreases

Which of the following is NOT true about mitochondrial DNA?

it is less sensitive technique than nuclear

Who was the Green River Killer?

Gary Ridgway

Chromosomes are found in the:

nucleus

On your STR, the loci marked AMEL is your:

gender

The inheritable traits that are controlled by DNA arise from its ability to produce:

proteins

Humans have:

22 pair of body chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

The process of making many copies of DNA is:

amplification

An enzyme that assembles a new DNA strand in the proper base sequence determined by the original strand is called:

polymerase

An exact location on the DNA molecule of a gene or area on interest is called:

a loci

A portion of a DNA molecule with a known sequence used to find its complimentary strand

a primer

Locations on the chromosome that repeat a specific sequence of two to five base pairs

STRs

Humans have ___ pair of chromosomes in their body cells

23

The four base pairs of DNA are

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

_____ and _____ are the two who are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA

Watson and Crick

Compare nuclear DNA typing with mitochondrial DNA typing. Give at least 3 differences.

Nuclear DNA typing comes from the mother and the father, is found in the nucleus, is arranged in a continuous strand of bases. Mitochondrial DNA typing comes only from the mother, found outside the nucleus, is arranged in a circular loop of bases