ap bio essay ? notes

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

“Semi-Permeable” - some can some can't

In both plant and animal

Red blood cells

-Keeps bad stuff out

Mitochondria

“Powerhouse of the cell” - makes ATP

In both plant and animal

Muscle cells

-need lots of ATP

Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis (converts light energy)

In plant only

Green leaf cells

-Photosynthesis

Chromoplasts

Store pigments

Plant only

Red rose petal cells

-attracts pollinators

Leucoplasts

Stores starch, roots

Plant only

Potato cells

-Can store large quantities of starch

SER

Lipid synthesis

Both plant and animal

Liver cells

-Detox

RER

Protein synthesis

In plant and animal

Pancreas cells

-can synthesize large amounts of protein

Golgi Complex

Sorts and packages lipids “USPS”

In both plant and animal

Fat cells

-Composed of lipids need golgi to manage

Lysosome

“Clean up crew” - Break down waste

Animal only

White blood cells

-Digest toxins

Cell wall

Structure + Protection

Plant only

Stem cells

-maintain stability

Diffusion

with the gradient

no energy

ex oxygen

Osmosis

with gradient

no energy

ex water

Facilitated

with gradient

no energy, but protein pores

ex glucose

Simple active transport

with n against gradient

energy needed

Na+ pumps

Exocytosis

against n with gradient

energy required

waste

stuff out

Endocytosis

both

energy

large substances

stuff in

Receptor mediated endocytosis RME

both

energy needed

rare things (Molybdenum, Mo)