Techniques Microscopic Neuroanatomy

NRSC 2200 Exam 3

Nucleus accumbens

Hippocampus CA1

Piriform cortex

Optic chiasm

Cerebellum

Hippocampus CA3

Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Cortex layer I

Cerebral aqueduct

Periaqueductal gray

Substantia nigra

Central nucleus of the amygdala

Corpus callosum

4th ventricle

Pyramidal tract

Dentate gyrus

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

Cortical layer VI

Septum

3rd ventricle

Anterior commissure

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

Cingulate cortex

Internal capsule

Optic tract

Superior colliculus

Lateral ventricle

External capsule

Fornix

Globus pallidus

Inferior colliculus

Arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus

Cerebral peduncle

Lateral nucleus of the amygdala

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala

Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Caudate putamen

Globus pallidus

Prefrontal cortex

Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Mammillary nuclei

Ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus

Medial nucleus of the amygdala

Cresyl violet

Form of Nissl staining that stains anything with a rough ER

Nissl stain

Stains granules (ribosomes) and substance/body (rough ER) to visualize soma

RNA acidicity

Allows RNA to bind basic dyes like cresyl violet

Luxol fast blue

Stains myelin

Golgi stain

Silver nitrate stain that stains entire neuron (but only some)

Bregma

Landmark at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures

Lambda

Landmark at the junction of the line of best fit of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures, only used to make sure skull is flat

Stereotaxic surgery

Surgery targeting brain regions using a 3d coordinate system based on known landmarks

Healthy blood pH

7\.35-7.45

Buffer

Mixture of weak acid and conjugate base that keeps pH stable

Physiological buffer

Carbonic acid and carbonate

Phosphate buffer

Used inside cells, pH \~7.2

PBS

Buffer containing salts at similar levels to physiology, used for washing tissues

Blocking buffer

Used for blocking non-specific antibody binding sites to decrease background staining; blocks glycoprotein antibody nonspecific binding - BSA/Triton X-100/Carrageenan

Bovine serum albumin

Contains proteins for blocking buffer

Carrageenan

Polysaccharide for blocking buffer

Triton X-100

Detergent allowing antibody to pass through cell membrane

Laboratory buffer pH

7\.4

Innate immune response

Fast, inflammatory, non-specific immune response to pathogen

Adaptive immune response

Slower immune response using specialized per pathogen

T and B cells

Recognize pathogens in adaptive immune response

Antibody

Glycoprotein that binds to very specific antigen

IgG

Immunoglobulin found in blood used for immunohistochemistry; binds to pathogen in ivo and triggers multiple eliminating processes; can bind 2 antigens at once (fab regions) and contains 2 heavy and 2 light chains

Polyclonal antibodies

Inject protein into animal