dental materials exam 2

true or false: the % of CP= the % of HP

true

CP is ab 3x the % of HP 

what type of whitening is used for a 2 week period applied in a tray and uses 10-16% CP

night guard bleaching trays

what condition is caused by excessive intake of fluorine compounds marked by mottling of the teeth, and possibly calcification of ligaments

fluorosis

recession, caries, allergies, pregnancy, photosensitive meds, crowns/bridges are all what to bleaching

contraindications

what are the different types of lubricants

• water

• saliva

• glycerin

what is enamel on the hardness scale

5

true or false: an implant may fail if the tissue is not healthy

true

what are the 11 contraindications to implant treatment

• diabetes & other wound healing conditions

• adolescents

• epilepsy

• recent MI or CVA

• valvular prosthesis

• immunosuppresion

• bleeding abnormalities

• active tx for malignancy

• psychiatric illness

• IV bisphosphonate use

• drug abuse

prophy paste is considered what type of abrasive

loose abrasives w additives

what can cause improper debonding of resin

• using bracket remover improperly

• poor abrasive/ instrument selection

• handpiece

what type of cells attach to the implant upon placement

epithelial cells

what is the purpose of polishing teeth

• reduce adheison

• makes the surface feel smooth

• increase esthetics

• reduces corrosion of metallic restorations

what type of xray should be taken if 2 consecutive recare visits show inflammation, bleeding, and bone loss around an implant

cone beam, CBCT scan

what are the 2 main chemical agents used in vital tooth whitening

• hydrogen peroxide

• carbamide peroxide

what is the oxidizing agent used in teeth whitening products that works by releasing oxygen to gently bleach surface stains

calcium peroxide

what is the mild abrasive that safely removes surface stains in tooth whitening products by gently scrubbing them away

hydrated silica (safer than enamel)

a fine crystalline powder w a gentle abrasive quality. 

dicalcium phosphate dihydrate

• when brushing, the DCPD particles scrub away extrinsic stains and plaque that accumulate on the surface

• smooths teeth

polyethylene whitening strips are also known as what

OTC whitening strips

what is cementum on the hardness scale

2

how to prevent pulpal damage when polishing

• lubrication

• slow speed

• light pressure

What abrasives are available in powder or paste form and is used for finishing, polishing and cleansing surfaces and is applied with wheels, brushes cups or soft pads?

loose abrasives

what variety of grit paste is acceptable to use on enamel

medium—> x fine grit

what are the 4 steps in the debonding procedure

• identify resin

• remove bulk of resin

• final finishing

• evaluate

what type of polishing is reccommended

selective polishing

• controversial to polish the whole mouth

coarse polishing paste should be followed by what

medium grit then fine grit pastes

what is a common ingredient in teeth whitening products

carbamide peroxide

• works by breaking down stains on the teeth and making them appear whiter

what is the difference between hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide

hydrogen peroxide: oxidizing agent used in teeth whitening products that works by releasing oxygen to gently bleach stains from the surface of teeth

non vital tooth whitening

whitening of a tooth that has been endodontically treated

what are the 2 chemical agents used in non vital tooth whitening

• hydrogen peroxide

• sodium perborate

polyethylene strips are impregnated with what percentage of HP

10%

what are bonded abrasives used for

finishing and polishing restorations

what type of abrasives have particles that are secured to one side of flexible backing w an adhesive

coated abrasives

what are some additives used in prophy paste

• fluoride

• humectants

• colors

• flavors

what does the RDA index look for

compare dentrifiice to standard value of 100

to orevent enamel damage during debonding what should you NOT use

• hand instruments

• band removers

• stones or sandpaper disks to remove resin

• high speed handpieces

which abrasives are used to polish gold crown

rouge (feric oxide) on a rag wheel

extra oral only

what property of abrasives is associated w the least amount of abrasion

round shape

what is the standard method that determines abrasivity

RDA index (relative dentin abrasivity index)

true or false: probing determines the health of the implants

false

precipitated calcium carbonate

physically removes extrinsic stains through mechanical abrasion during brushing.

• a form of polishing that reveals the tooths natural brightness

in office HP for bleaching can reach as high as what percentage

38% 

why is it better to whiten with a tray that contains reservoirs opposed to one without them

so the whitening material has a space tp sit in and actively stays on enamel instead of spilling out of the tray during application

• more space for whitening material

what are the 3 non hydrogen peroxide systems

• sodium chloride

• oxygen

• natrium fluoride

how does bleaching work

HP bleaching agents pass through the enamel and dentin and oxidize stain pigments

type of pedodontic appliance that prevents a tooth from drifting into an adjacent edentulous space during tooth eruption

space maintainer

what are the 4 main characteristics findings of peri-implantitis

• BOP

• clinical signs of inflammation

• increase proving depths

• increased radiographic bone loss

what is dentin on the hardness scale

3-4

What type of instruments can be used to clean an implant?

implant safe only

• plastic

• graphite

• gold tipped

what should never be used if the manufacturers instructions reccommended that the tooth surface be cleaned prior to the placement of sealants 

paste containing glycerin or oils

What type of ultrasonic scaler can be used on an implant?

plastic coated tip scaler

peri impantitis

inflammation of the surrounding tissues of an implant

what RDA index score is needed for the FDA to approve

less than or equal to 200

what characteristics of abrasive particles produce finer and finer scratches on the tooth surface until it appears smooth and shiny

size

What two factors contribute/ trigger the pro inflammatory response for implant placement

biofilm and calculus

What are the 3 hydrogen peroxide systems?

• hydrogen peroxide

• carbamide peroxide

• urea peroxide

whitening is dependent on what

• time and concentration

• the longer the whitening is in contact w the tooth, the better the results

can there be post eruptive instrinsic stain

yes, if a nerve is damaged due to trauma and is in need of RCT

Whitening of a tooth with an intact pulp is called what

vital tooth whitening

Which type of whitening may cause pulpal necrosis due to increase in temperature to the pulp during whitening

laser whitening

what material is used to cut, smooth or remove stain from natural teeth, prosthetic appliances, restorations & castings

abrasive agents

With coated abrasives why are both sides not covered with the abrasive particles

if needed to go into the interproximal spaces, it will not damage both teeth if only one needs to be polished

which agent should be used in an air polishing system

only powders approved by the units manufacturing

what is the goal of debonding

remove residual bonding resin from buccal or lingual surface of tooth

cleaning agents are not abrasives but they can produce what

high luster

sodium bicarbonate powder can always be used on what

amalgam

can peri-implantitis effect hard and soft tissues

yes

a 3 body abrasive requires use of what in addition to the polishing device

abrasive paste

what dies probing assess for an implant

• inflammation

• serves as a baseline for tissue health

What are examples of different types of friction

• abrasives

• burs

• hand instruments

• tooth- tooth

what is tribology

the study of interaction of surfaces in motion

true or false: yellow teeth bleach more rapidly than grey teeth

true

what are the 2 types of friction/ wear

• 2 body: surfaces interact directly

• 3 body

what makes materials resistant to indentation

hardness

What part of the implant can be polished

Visible portion

polishing procedures can interrupt what

remineralization

True or False:

Values on the RDA index considered greater than or equal to 100 are considered NOT abrasive

false

• values less than or equal to 100 are abrasive

metal of choice for an implant

titanium

what is the appropriate procedure if coarse prophy paste is used to remove extrinsic stain

The epithelial attachment that forms between the gingival soft tissue and the implant is called

perimucosal seal

True or False: the harder the abrasive the less efficient the finishing or polishing

false; it is more efficient

What are the different delivery modes for abrasives

• bonded

• coated

• loose

what are abrasives classified by

• delivery method

• use

what are the 2 different uses for abrasives

• finishing

• polishing

bonded abrasives

abrasive particles uniformly incorporated in a binder to form a shape

what are the 7 factors effecting abrasion

• hardness

• size

• shape

• pressure

• speed

• lubrication

• amount

discomfort and possible pain felt by the patient during the polishing procedure may be caused by what

steady firm pressure

what is prophy paste on the hardness scale

6

what prophy paste addiitives help reduce tooth sensitivity by temporarily occluding the dentinal tubules

arginine bicarbonate

which agent can be safely used for any dental restoration

aluminum silicate

the MOHS hardness value of dentin is what to the MOHS hardness value of enamel

dentin is lower than enamel

what prophy paste additives will help maintain tooth whitening or bleaching results

hydrogen peroxide

when is the ideal time to probe an implant after its been placed

6mo—> 1 yr

polishing is contraindicated if the patient has what

demineralized white spots on the enamel

what is NOT an advantage of air powder polishing

generates more heat than other methods

what is false about air powder polishing

at risk patients do not require prophy antibiotic coverage for air polishing

true or false: according to the ADA and Academy of Periodontology, an oral prophylaxis does not include a tooth polishing procedure

false

what is associated with producing a minimal amount of abrasion during polishing

smallest particle size possible (extra fine)

which type of finishing strip is appropriate for stain removal

narrow strip, fine grit

A full gold crown can be polished with which one of the following agents

tin oxide

(1) Tooth colored restorations should not be polished with an abrasive agent. (2) Esthetic restorations should only be cleaned using a specific agent recommended by the manufacturer

both statements are true