bio unit #2 circulatory system

homeostasis

internal stability of the bodyy

functions of the circulatory system

1) delivers NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN to cells

2) transports HORMONES and other chemical substances

3) carries WASTE AWAY from cells

4) helps REPAIR tissues that have been damaged

5) regulates BODY TEMPERATURE

6) helps body fight off INFECTIONS

3 Main components of circulatory system

1) blood

2) blood vessels

3) Heart

blood

fluid that transports NUTRIENTS, O2, CO2, and other materials

blood vessels

system of HOLLOW tubes that blood moves through

heart

muscular organ that continually pumps blood

closed circulatory system

all mammals have this, keeps blood physically contained within vessels and seperate from other body tissues

4 components of blood

1) red blood cells

2) white blood cells

3) platelets

4) plasma

RBC or also known as erythrocyles

specialize in transporting O2 and CO2 and contain hemoglobin. are made in bone marrow of skull, ribs, and vertebrates

WBC or aka leukocytes

part of the body’s responce to infections and resistance to disease , is able to leave the blood and enter body tissues for protection. also has a nucleus

functions of WBC

1) release HEPORIN which is a chemical that cleans walls of arteries

2) contains HISTAMINE which is a chemical compound that belongs to the immune system

3) causes IMFLAMMATION in responce to injuries

4) produces anti-bodies-chemicals that destroy infected body cell

Platelets aka thrombocytes

small pigments that help with blood clotting, does NOT CONTAIN nuclei. Made from bone marrow

blood clotting or also coagulation

occurs when blood vessel is injured, the blood vessel has to be patched up by blood clot to prevent more bleeding

plasma

is the liquid form of blood, contains ORGANIC and INORGANIC substances.

main function of plasma

carry dissolved particles through the body like O2, CO2, and proteins

plasma proteins

assist in transporting large organic molecules in blood, DIFFERENT plasma proteins have DIFFERENT functions

what does the heart do and what is it made up of

pumps blood through the body in ONE DIRECTION, and its walls is made p of cardiac muscle

cardiac

heart

pulmonary

lungs

what needs to be seperated

deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

right side of the heart

receives DEOXYGENATED BLOOD that comes back FROM the body and then pumps it to the lungs

left side of the heart

receives OXYGENATED BLOOD from the LUNGS, pumps this blood to every BODY CELL

apex

pointed end of heart

pericardium

protective membrane that surrounds heart

septum

seperates the left and right side of the heart from each other

vena cava

carries blood high in CO2 and waste to the right atrium

superior vena cava

brings blood from the head, chest, arms, and higher parts of body that are above the heart

inferior vena cava

brings blood from the rest of the body parts blow the heart

atria

2 upper chambers of the heart that have thin walls because they only pump blood short distances

right atrium

receives DEOXYGENATED blood from BODY that comes from the VENA CAVA

left atrium

receives OXYGENATED blood from the LUNGS that comes from the pulmonary veins

ventricles

lower chambers of heart, pump blood OUT of heart and are thicker and more muscular because they work harder than the atriums

right ventricle

pumps DEOXYGENATED blood to the LUNGS which goes THROUGH PULMONARY ARTERIES

left ventricle

pumps OXYGENATED blood to the body cells, goes THROUGH AORTA. Is muscular because it has to pump blood far distances

aorta

largest blood vessel and carries OXYGENATED blood from LEFT VENTRICLE and directs it to ALL body cells

what are the four valves

1) artrioventricular valves

a) TRICUSPID VALVE

b) BICUSPID VALVE

2) semilunar valves

a) PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE

b) AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

3 blood vessels

1) arteries 2) veins 3) capillaries

order of blood vessels

ACV

arteries

carry blood away from heart and is USUALLY oxygenated, have thicks walls with thin diameter

dialate

blood is pushed through an artery

constrict

heart relaxes so NO blood is pushed through, arteries tighten and this helps blood move along

largest artery in the body

aorta

pulse

surge of blood through an artery

veins (opposite of arteries)

carry blood TOWARDS HEART, is USUALLY deoxygenated and has thin walls and a thick diameter. the blood in veins are UNDER VERY LITTLE PRESSURE. contractions from SKELETAL MUSCLE squeezes the veins

venules

smallest veins and drain blood from capillaries which branch into venules BEFORE they turn into VEINS

veins have what way valves

one way

valves open

muscles contract, blood flows

valves closed

muscles relax and blood is UNABLE to flow backwards

largest vein

vena cava

capillaries

MICROSCOPIC blood vessels, their walls are ONE CELL THICK this allows materials to EXCHANGE EASILY. the gas exchange occurs here due to diffusion between blood and surrounding cells

capillary beds

networks of capillaries

what nutrients are exchanged through blood vessels

O2, CO2, food, waste, ect

cardiac cycle

sequence of events that allow heart to pump blood

sinoatrial node (atrium) or PACE MAKER

located in dorsal wall of right atrium and stimulates muscle cells to contract and relax rhythmically

atrioventricular node (ventricle)

located in base of RIGHT ATRIUM by AV tricuspid valve and initates the contraction of the VENTRICLES

blood pressure

measure of force blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels . changes in blood pressure is due to phases of our heartbeat. is affected bu genetics, activity, stress, body temp, diet, and medication

hypertension

continuous HIGH blood pressure

2 phases of cardiac cycle

1) systole

2) diastole

systole (opposite of diastole)

contraction phase where blood is pushed out of heart. Semilunar valves OPENS and the AV valves CLOSE. blood LEAVES ventricles

maximum pressure

systolic pressure

diastole (opposite of systole)

relaxation phase where blood enters atria/atriums, Av valves OPENS and semilunar valves CLOSE

lowest blood pressure

diastolic pressure

what is the form of blood pressure (#s)

systolic pressure / diastolic pressures = 120/80

heart murmurs = bad

produce when blood does not flow smoothly in heart

electrocardiogram

record of electrical impulsives generated by heart

sphygmomanometer (you see it at shoppers/walmart)

device used to measure blood pressure