Honors Biology Cell Unit Study Guide

Robert Hooke

first to describe cells in cork

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

improved the microscope and observed bacteria and protozoa

Theodore Schwann and Mattias Schleiden

developed the original cell theory

Rudolph Virchow

provided the last tenet of the cell theory- cells come from existing cells

1.) All living things are made of one or more cells. 

2.) Cells are the basic unit of life. 

3.) All cells come from existing cells.

What are the three parts to the cell theory?

prokaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: usually smaller in size

prokaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: always unicellular

prokaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: no nucleus

prokaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: no membrane bound organelles

prokaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: circular DNA

prokaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: examples are bacteria and archea

eukaryotic cells

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: usually larger in size

eukaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: can be unicellular or multicellular

eukaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: has a nucleus

eukaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: has membrane bound organelles

eukaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: linear DNA

eukaryotic cell

Is the following description describing a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell: examples are plants, animals, fungi, and protists

The organelle is surrounded by its own membrane. 

What does being a “membrane bound organelle” mean?

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

• Cytoskeleton

• Flagella

• DNA

What organelles/features do all cells share?

plasma membrane

What is another name for the cell membrane?

Found in the Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells (Animals and Plants)

In what type of cells can a cell membrane be found in?

Maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

What is the function of a cell membrane?

cytosol

What is another name for cytoplasm?

Found in the Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells (Animals and Plants)

In what type of cells can you find cytoplasm?

Gel-like substance inside the cell - it suspends the organelles and provides an environment for chemical reactions within the cell.

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Found in the Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells (Animals and Plants)

In what type of cells can you find ribosomes?

Makes proteins by helping connect amino acids together.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Animals and Plants)

In what type of cells can you find a nucleus?

Stores genetic information (DNA)

What is the function of a nucleus?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Animals and Plants)

In which type of cells can you find a nucleolus?

Found within the nucleus and makes ribosomes.

What is the function of a nucleolus?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and Animals)

In which type of cells can you find Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Rough because of the ribosomes on it and it makes and transports proteins. 

What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and Animals)

In which type of cells can you find Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Makes lipids and membranes. It also detoxifies, like the liver and stores calcium. 

What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Golgi Bodies

What is another name for the Golgi Apparatus?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and Animals)

In which type of cells can you find the Golgi Apparatus?

Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins using vesicles which are specialized membrane bound structures. They can send proteins to other places within the cell or out of the cell.

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Found in an Animal Cell

In which type of cells can you find a lysosome?

Uses enzymes to break down large molecules, bacteria, viruses, and old organelles. Old cell parts are recycled. 

What is the function of a lysosome?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and Animals)

In which type of cells can you find the mitochondria?

Creates energy (ATP) from sugar (glucose). This is the site of cellular respiration.

What is the function of the mitochondria?

centrioles (a centrosome is made up of two centrioles)

What is another name for a centrosome?

Found in Animal Cells

In which type of cells can you find a centrosome?

Creates special structures called spindle fibers that are used in cell division.

What is the function of centrosome?

Cell Wall

Rigid structure outside of the cell membrane. 

Found it Prokaryotic and Plant Cells

In which type of cells can you find a cell wall?

Provides shape, structure, and protection for the cell.

What is the function of the cell wall?

Found in plant cells

In what type of cells can you find chloroplast?

Site of photosynthesis and uses the energy to produce sugar (glucose).

What is the function of chloroplast?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Animal and Plant Cells)

In which type of cells can you find the vacuole?

Stores food or waste within the cell. Stores water in animal cells (plants can have vacuoles and central vacuoles)

What is the function of the vacuole?

Found in plant cells

In which type of cells can you find the central vacuole?

Stores water in order to maintain plant shape and many other functions.

What is the function of the central vacuole?

Found in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (Animal and Plant Cells)

In which type of cells can you find the cytoskeleton?

A network of proteins found throughout the cell that provides structure for cells and movement of organelles (three types)

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

• Microtubule

• Microfilament

• Intermediate Filament

What are the three main types of a cytoskeleton?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Animal and Plant Cells)

In which type of cells can you find the microtubule?

Hollow tube-like structure that provides structural support Eukaryotic Cilia, Flagella, and Spindle Fibers are mostly composed of these. 

What is the function of the microtubule?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Animal and Plant Cells)

In which type of cells can you find microfilament?

Thin, solid rods that help maintain shape and contractile movements. Forms contractile ring of cleavage furrow and guides the formation of cell plates in cell division. Make up actin and myosin for your muscle contractions.

What is the function of microfilament?

Found in Animal Cells

In which type of cells can you find intermediate filament?

Permanent Structural Support to anchor organelles in place. 

What is the function of intermediate filament?

Found in Eukaryotic Cells (Animals and Plants)

In which type of cells is peroxisome found?

Uses enzymes to catalyze which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The goal is to detoxify by breaking things down. 

What is the function of peroxisome?

Plasmodesmata

Openings in the cell wall

Found in Plant Cells

In which type of cells can you find plasmodesmata?

Helps with the transport of materials to and from adjacent cells through the cell wall. 

What is the function of plasmodesmata?

Found in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (Animal and Plant) cells.

In which type of cells can you find flagella/flagelum?

Long appendages on the outside of the cell that helps with movement using propellor motions.

What is the function of flagella/flagelum?

Found in Animal Cells

In which type of cells can you find cilia?

Short-haired appendages on the outside of cells that helps with movement using back and forth motions.

What is the function of cilia?

Found in Prokaryote Cells

In which type of cells can you find the nucleoid?

Found in the central region of the cell, this is where the DNA is stored and acts as a control center for the cell.

What is the function of the nucleoid?

the capsule

Outside of the cell wall

Found in Prokaryotic Cells

In which type of cells can you find a capsule?

Helps with sticking to surfaces and a further layer of protection. 

What is the function of the capsule?

Found in Prokaryotic Cells

In which type of cells can you find plasmid?

Separate pieces of genetic material that are usually ring-shaped and smaller than the main chromosome of a cell. Often involved in gene transfer and antibiotic resistance.

What is the function of plasmid?

Found in Prokaryotic Cells

In which type of cells can you find pili?

Hair-like structures on the surface of a prokaryote that aids with attachment to other bacteria or surfaces to stabilize (keep still) during DNA transfers or infecting hosts.

What is the function of pili?