Unit 6 AP Psych

instinct theory

believes that fixed, inborn patterns of response motivates behavior

drive theory

a disturbance in our homeostasis motivates behavior that will return us to balance

needs

state of deprivation and deficiency

drive

feeling of tension arising from an unmet need

primary drives

basic biological drives

secondary drives

drives that result from learning and experience

arousal theory

motivated by a need to be aroused to an optimal level

stimulus motives

interest in exploring new objects, environments, and information

Yerkes-Dodson Theory

arousal is tied to performance and there is a positive correlation however there is a drop off from anxiety

stress

pressures from the environment that we adjust to

eustress

good stress

distress

bad stress

type A

someone who is fast, driven, urgency, impatient, intense

type B

someone who is low, relaxed, appreciative, resilient

general adaption theory

describes the physiological changes your body goes through as it responds to stress

approach-aproach conflict

pulled between two pleasant options

avoidance-avoidance conflict

pulled between two unpleasant options

approach-avoidance conflict

making a decision on a situation that involves plusses and minuse

multiple approach-avoidance conflict

pulled between more than two goals with positives and negatives

locus of control

degree of which people have control over the outcome of events in your lives

internal locus of control

the perception that you control your own fate

external locus of control

the perception that others control your own fate

incentive theory

attraction to particular goals or rewards motivate our behavior

cognitive dissonance theory

A state of tension that exists when our actions and beliefs are inconsistent

belief change

change attitude to match behavior

action change

change behavior to match attitude

justify

prove why mismatch is reasonable

effort justification

the tendency to reduce dissonance by justification to something that turned out to be unpleasant or disappointing

intristic motivation

the desire to succeed for internal rewards like personal satisfaction

extrinsic motivation

the desire to succeed for external rewards like money and fame

achievement motivation

motivated by a need to succeed and be recognized by our successes

hierarchy of needs

people are motivated to achieve self actualization after fulfilling more basic needs

Self-actualixation

finding purpose and fulfilling potential

obesity

a state of excess body fat classified as a BMI over 30

leptin

decreases hunger and protein is secreted by fat cells

metabolic rate

the rate you go through the sugar in your body to turn it into energy

Hypothalamus

controls are basic needs needed to survive

lateral hypothalamus

initiates eating when blood sugar is low

ventromedial hypothalamus

stops eating when we are full

eating disorders

irregularities of food consumption and behaviors with eating

anorexia

self starvation

bulimia

Binging and purging

sexual response cycle

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

refractory period

time that needs to pass before achieving another orgasm

James-Lange Theory

theory states that bodily reactions precede emotions

cannon bard theory

bodily reactions are simultaneously occurring with emotions

two factor theory

bodily reactions are understood based on the context of the situation and then emotion occurs

dual-pathway model of fear

messages are sent to the brain in two ways through "Low Road" and "High Road"

polygraph

measuring bodily arousal

universal expressions

facial expressions that are used to express behavior and the same around the world

facial feedback hypothesis

using a facial expression will encourage that emotion

triangular model of love

love can look differently based on different relationships

consumante love

equal amounts of intimacy, passion and commitment

attraction

in the interest in and liking of one individual

similarity

when two things/people have something in common

proximity

closeness to the other person.

Reciprocity

we like those who like us

matching hypothesis

we date someone at a similar level of physical attractiveness to us.

halo effect

tendency for positive impressions to positively influence one's opinion or feelings in other areas

positive psychology

focuses on human strengths and the things that make life worth living

aggression

the frustration of not achieving a goal leads to anger and violent behavior

catharsis

a way to expel stress and emotion in a especially acceptable way

Freudian Consciousness

human awareness to both internal and external stimuli

conscious

what we are aware of

unconscious/subconscious

what we aren't aware of but has an influence on us

Id

our basic animal instincts

pleasure principle

tendency to act on behavior that immediate satisfies instinctive drives and desires

Ego

our moderator and the balance between id and superego

reality principle

meeting basic needs in socially accepted way

superego

our moral compass

repression

unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious

regression

reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development

Displacement

redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target

denial

person refused to comes to terms with reality

reaction formation

acting in exactly the opposite way to one's unacceptable impulses

rationalization

creating false excuses for one's unacceptable feelings, behavior, or thoughts.

Projection

when someone applies their own feelings to another person

transference

feelings directed at one person become redirected to another person

Sublimination

replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behavior

oral stage

achieves gratification through oral activities

anal stage

response to some of the demands of society through bowel movements

phallic stage

learns the differences between males and females and becomes aware of sexuality

Oedipus complex

boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Elextra Complex

young girls feel attracted to their father and jealousy toward their mother

basic hostility

children react negatively towards parents as a result of their anxiety

womb envy

a man's want to be able to reproduce

inferiority complex

Children feel inferior and they deal with these influences with their emerging personalities.

collective unconsciousness

ideas and images shared by all people and passed down genetically.

trait theory

theory that suggests that people have certain basic traits

cardinal traits

dominant characteristics that influence behavior in most situations

Five Factor Model

Personality is made up of 5 big characteristics

Extroversion

people that are mostly sociable and outgoing

Neuroticism

emotional stability

Openess

measure of willingness for change

Agreeableness

the individual's tendency to develop and maintain prosocial relationships

person-situation controversy

the situation that the person is in or the personality of the person that determines his behavior

recipricol determinism

a person's behavior is based on cognitive processes and environmental factors

self concept

a collection of beliefs that a person has about themselves and responses of others

person-centered perspective

the individual's perception of reality is accepted as reality for the individual.

unconditional positive regard

always accepting