Antioxidants and Supplements

exam study guide

1.     What is oxidation? What is reduction? (There was a mnemonic device mentioned in class to help you remember this).

Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance

Reduction is the gain of electrons.

"OIL RIG" which stands for "Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain."

What is a free radical? How does an antioxidant combat free radicals?

A free radical is an unstable molecule with an unpaired electron that can cause damage to cells. An antioxidant combats free radicals by donating an electron, stabilizing them and preventing cellular damage.

Which nutrients act as antioxidants in our body? Be familiar their primary function in the body and with primary food sources of each.

Vitamin C

Protects cells, boosts immunity, helps absorb iron

Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, broccoli

Vitamin E

Protects cell membranes

Nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, spinach

Beta-Carotene (Vitamin A source)

Protects cells, supports vision and skin

Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale

Selenium

Helps antioxidant enzymes, supports immunity

Brazil nuts, seafood, eggs, whole grains

How can you identify food sources that are rich in antioxidants – specifically vitamin C?

Brightly colored fruits and veggies, fresh and minimally processed foods, citrus fruits, 20% or more per serving

Be familiar with the regulation of dietary supplements.

Dietary supplements are regulated by the FDA as food, not drugs, meaning they do not require pre-market approval. However, manufacturers must ensure safety and accurate labeling.

Who may benefit from a supplement?

Individuals with nutrient deficiencies, specific health conditions, pregnant women, or those on restricted diets

What are the risks associated with taking a supplement? 

Too much can be harmful, they may interact with medications, aren't always tested for safety or quality, can have false claims, and might contain hidden or harmful ingredients.