Ch.20 Skeletal Muscles Questions

Which term means continous and partial contraction of skeletal muscles?

Muscle Tone

Which function does the muscular system perform?

Heat Production

Which term means heat production?

Thermogenesis

Which term means the cell membrane surrounding muscle fibers?

Sarcolemma

What is the basic unit of contraction in a muscle cell?

Sarcomere

Which term refers to a thin filament protien?

Actin

Which structure do thick filaments contain?

Myosin

Which ion does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and release?

Calcium

Which tissue surrounds the entire muscle?

Epimysium

Which structure anchors muscles to bone?

Tendon

Which structure is a broad, flat tendon?

Aponeurosis

Which structure is a bnad of connective tissue surrounding tendons to help keep them in place?

Retinaculum

Which term means the tendinous attachment on bone that remains inactive during contraction

Origin

Which term means the tendinous attachement on bone that moves during contraction?

Insertion

Which phenomenon occurs when a muscle’s origin moves toward the insertion?

Functional reversilibity

Which state are muscle cells in when they recieve a stimulus by the nervous system via a motor neuron?

Excited

What is the model of muscle contraction called?

Sliding filament

Which area contains the terminal end of the motor neuron, the synaptic gap, and the motor end plate?

Neuromuscular junction

What is the principal neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction?

Acetylcholine

Which term refers to folded sections of the sarcolemma that are part of the neuromusclular junction?

Motor end plate

Which term refers to myosin pulling thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere?

Power stroke

Which term refers to a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates?

Motor unit

Which term means motor unit activation based on need?

Recruitment

Which chemical is the cell’s energy molecule

Adenosine triphosphate

Which molecule is the red respiratory pigment found in sarcoplasm?

Myoglobin

Which term refers to the stage of glucose breakdown that uses Oxygen?

Aerobic glycolysis

Breathing heavily after strenuous exercise is due to which process?

Oxygen Debt

Which type of muscle fibers are referred to as type 1 muscle fibers, or red muscles?

Slow twitch

Which type of athletes tend to have a high ratio of slow twitch muscles present in thier lower extremeities

Marathon runners

Which type of muscle fibers are referred to as type 2 or white muscles?

Fast twitch

Which terms referes to contractions that cause a muscle to shorten in length while generating force?

Concentric

When term refers to contractions that generate force while muscle length remains the same, without movement occuring?

Isometric

Which class of levers involves the fulcrum positioned between the load and the pull?

1

Which classification has parallel muscle fiber arrangement?

Fusiform

Which classification has muscle fibers joining at one end with fibers spreading out like a fan at the other end?

Convergent

Which classification has muscles fibers arranged as a central tendon with muscle fibers emering diagonally, giving them a featherlike apperance?

Pennate

Which classification of muscles cause specific or desired movments?

Agonists

Which classification of muscles assist prime movers by performing the same movement at the same time?

Synergists

Which classification of muscles lengthen while prime movers and thier synergists contract to produce the desired action?

Antagonists

Which classification of muscles cross two joints

Biarticular

Thoe origin of the deltoid is identical to the insertion of which muscle?

trapezius

What action can you ask your partner to perform at the shoulder in order to contract the entire deltoid?

abduction

Which is the insertion of the deltoid?

deltoid tuberosity

Which portion of the latissimus dorsi is easiest to grasp?

middle portion next to the lateral border

Which shoulder movement would lengthen the fibers of the latissimus dorsi?

abduction

Which of the following is a part of the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

thoracolumbar fascia

Considering their attachment sites, which bony landmark can help you distinguish the teres major from the latissimus dorsi fiber?

lateral border of the scapula

Which muscle is located in the space between the vertebral column and scapula?

rhomboids

The rhomboids are superficial to the erector spinae and deep to which muscle?

trapezius

Which is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

medial border of scapula between spine of scapula and inferior angle

Which of the following is an action of the rhomboid major?

adduct the scapula

Which portion of the trapezius muscle elevates the scaupla?

upper fibers

Bilateral contraction of the upper fibers of the trapezius will create what movement of the head and neck?

extension

which of the following is a part of the origin of the trapezius?

external occipital protuberance and medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

To feel the middle fibers of the trapezius contract, you could ask your phone partner to perform which action?

bring your shoulder up off the table

what would be most likely to cause your partner to feel a sharp, shooting sensation down her arm as you palpate her axilla?

compression of the brachial plexus