APCS-A Unit 2 Vocab

class

defines a new data type (a classification). It is the formal implementation, or blueprint, of the attributes and behaviors of the objects of that class

object

a specific instance of a class with defined attributes.

attributes

data the object knows about itself

instance variables

variables in a class that define the attributes for objects

methods

these define the behaviors or functions for objects to describe what objects can do

constructor

creates a new object and initializes its attributes (they have the same name as the class).

new

used to create a new object; every object is created uterm-3sing the keyword new followed by a call to one of the class's constructors that initializes the object's attributes

constructor signature or header

the constructor name followed by the parameter list

method signature or header

the method name followed by the parameter list

wrapper classes

classes that create objects from primitive types, for example the Integer class and Double class

null

used to indicate that an object reference doesn't refer to any object yet

Math method: int abs(int)

Returns the absolute value of an int value (which means no negatives).

Math method: double abs(double)

Returns the absolute value of a double value.

Math method: double pow(double, double)

Returns the value of the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter.

Math method: double sqrt(double)

Returns the positive square root of a double value.

Math.random()

Returns a random double value greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0 (not including 1.0)!

parameter list

a list of the types and variable names for the arguments being passed to a method or constructor.

overloading

creating multiple methods or constructors with the same name but different number or types of parameters.

call by value

When you call a method or constructor and give it an argument, a copy of the argument's value is saved in the parameter variable.

non-static or object method

These methods must be called using an object name . method name.

static method

These methods belong to a class and can be called by using the class name instead of creating an object.

return value

The value returned from a method to the calling method

strings

objects of the String class that hold sequences of characters.

index

a number associated with a position in a string (or array)

immutable

String methods do not change the String object. Any method that seems to change a string actually creates a new string.

substring

part of a string (the method will create a new string that contains a copy of part of the original string).

String method: int length()

returns the number of characters in a String object.

String substring(int from, int to)

returns the substring beginning at index from and ending at index (to - 1).

String substring(int from)

returns substring(from, length()).

int indexOf(String str)

returns the index of the first occurrence of str; returns -1 if not found.

boolean equals(String other)

returns true if this (the calling object) is equal to other; returns false otherwise.

int compareTo(String other)

returns a value < 0 if this is less than other; returns zero if this is equal to other; returns a value > 0 if this is greater than other.

substring(index, index + 1)

returns a single character at position index

autoboxing

the automatic conversion of primitive types to their corresponding object wrapper classes, for example int to Integer.

unboxing

the automatic conversion of wrapper class to the primitive type, for example Integer to int.

(int)(Math.random()*range) + min

moves the random number into a range starting from a minimum number where the range is the (max number - min number + 1)