Quiz 3: The Social Self

According to the two-factor theory of emotion, social context most directly affects

​the cognitive interpretation of emotion.

In the company of liberals, Mitt expresses favorable attitudes toward abortion and gay marriage; in the company of conservatives, he expresses negative attitudes toward these same issues. Mitt’s behavior exemplifies​

​strategic self-presentation.

Someone victimized by a crime, disease, or other tragic life event is likely to

​affiliate with others who are in the same situation and have adjusted well, but compare themselves to others who are worse off.

According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977),

​people are often unable to give accurate explanations for the causes of their own behavior.

Research on self-monitoring generally suggests that

one’s scores on the self-monitoring scale decline with age.

Kirk is very politically conservative. He tends to evaluate most information he learns by placing it on the political spectrum as either similar to his personal beliefs or different from them. Kirk is probably ____ with respect to politics. 

​schematic

According to self-discrepancy theory, the disorder most likely to develop from a discrepancy between the actual self and the ought self is​

an anxiety-related disorder.

Schachter (1959) examined the preferences of participants who were expecting to receive a series of painful electric shocks. He found that these participants preferred to wait in a room

with participants who were also expecting shocks.

​According to the facial ____ hypothesis, changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion.

feedback

William Swann and others (2007) found that people with specific domains of self-esteem benefit in what ways?​

​They are likely to outperform others in the specific situations for which they have high self-esteem.

Zajonc (1993) argued that smiling leads to an increase in positive emotions through which mechanism?

​increasing the flow of air-cooled blood to the brain

​In sociometer theory, the sociometer is a

​mechanism that helps us detect acceptance versus rejection and translate that perception into high- versus low self-esteem. 

Compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors are more likely to

maintain consistency in behavior.

A highly religious person who is primed to think about God will

​become more self-aware. 

Thinking about God triggers a state of self-focus for individuals who have

strong religious beliefs.

Cross-cultural research indicates that North Americans are more likely than Asians to

perceive themselves as unique.

During a discussion with some friends just prior to a school election, Sandra states that she is certain she will be devastated for months if she isn’t elected class president. This is an example of​

​the impact bias.

The cocktail party effect refers to the tendency for people to​

hear the mention of their own name even from across a loud and crowded room.

The tendency for people to think of those worse off than themselves when faced with difficulties of their own is called​

downward social comparison.

Research by Kim and Markus (1999) shows that people from individualist versus collectivist cultures tend to prefer 

​uniqueness and similarity, respectively, in all domains.