Reinforcement Schedules: Definitions, Examples, and Key Concepts in Psychology

Continuous Reinforcement

Every behavior is rewarded (behavior extinguishes easily).

Intermittent Reinforcement

Reward is given only part of the time the behavior is displayed.

Fixed Interval Schedule

Reinforcement of first response after a fixed amount of time has passed (you know how much time).

Variable Interval Schedule

Reinforcement of first response after varying amounts of time.

Fixed Ratio Schedule

Reinforcement after a fixed number of responses (you know how many responses must be made).

Variable Ratio Schedule

Reinforcement after varying number of responses.

Ratio

Means NUMBER OF RESPONSES.

Interval

Means AMOUNT OF TIME.

Fixed

Means FIXED AMOUNT OF RESPONSES OR FIXED AMOUNT OF TIME.

Variable

Means VARIED NUMBER OF RESPONSES OR VARIED AMOUNT OF TIME.

Behavior at Fixed Interval Schedule

Little behavior at beginning, but increases at the end of the time interval.

Example of Fixed Interval Schedule

Looking at your watch during a lecture until end of lecture.

Example of Variable Interval Schedule

Surprise quizzes in class.

Example of Fixed Ratio Schedule

Being paid for every 10 pizzas made.

Example of Variable Ratio Schedule

Playing the slot machines.

Questions to Ask Yourself

Does the reinforcement occur after a response (behavior) or after a period of time?

Skinner

Psychologist associated with the study of reinforcement schedules.