Chapter 5 - The psychoanalytic Approach

What is Psychoanalysis?

• Assumption that much mental activity is unconscious

  • interpreting the unconscious meaning underlying their overt or manifest behaviour

Four Ideas of Psychoanalysis

• Psychic determinism

• internal structure

• psychic conflict

• mental energy

Psychic Determinism

• everything has specific cause 

  • one does not act on certain way for no reason 

Internal Structure 

• Id

• Ego 

• Super ego 

Internal Structure - ID

• birth - 2 

• wild, selfish

• wants immediate pleasure (pleasure principle) 

Internal Structure - Ego

• 2-5

• realistic

• wants what is actually possible 

• balances id 

Internal Structure - Super Ego

• 5+

• your conscience /moral compass 

• wants to do what is right, even if not fufilling 

• operates on morals and values

Psychic Conflict

• experience occurs between the conflict of the id, ego, and superego

Psychic Conflict/Compromise Formation

process by which the ego finds middle ground between desire of id and super ego

Mental Energy 

• Psychic Energy/libido

  • limited resources

  • builds up overtime

Controversy

• dirty and unscientific

• too threatening 

Psychosexual Development

• Oral

• Anal 

• Phallic 

• Genital 

Oral Stage

• birth to 18 months

• physical focus - mouth

• psychological theme - dependency

• Can go wrong - adult personality

  • neglect - too independent

  • coddling - too passive

Anal Stage

• 18 months - 3/4

• physical focus - anus

• psychological focus - self control and obedience

• can go wrong - adult personality

  • unreasonable expectations - obsessive compulsive

  • no expectations - no self control

Phallic Stage 

• 4-7 

• physical focus - sexual organs 

• psychological focus - gender identity, sexuality 

• challenges - who do identify with? 

• Adult personality 

  • rigid

  • amoral 

Latency Phase 

• 7- puberty 

• “break time” 

• develop super ego through peers 

Genital Stage

• post adolescence 

• physical focus - genitals 

  • ability to create life/become adult 

• psychological theme - maturity 

• challenge - will u become adult 

• adult personality 

  • psychologically well adjusted/balanced

  • love and work 

8 Defence Mechanisms

• denial

• repression 

• reaction formation 

  • internal experience opposite from outside experience 

• projection 

• rationalization

• intellectualization (Rationalize with intellectual words)

• displacement (replacing target of negative emotions to smth else)

• sublimation (replace primal/base impulse to diff thing)

Neo fredudian/Aldred Adler

• organ inefriority 

  • Childhood, had some sort of weak element we need to adjust or compensate

  • inferiority complex/superiority complex 

  • masculine protest 

neo fruedian/carl jung

• collective unconscious - shares memories and ideas embeddded in all 

• archetypes - fundamental images contained in unconthe scious 

• persona - social mask 

neo freudian/kareny horney

• penis envy (disagreed with)

• basic anxiety - fear of being alone and helpess in hostile world

  • neurotic needs - attempt to soothe anxiety 

Empirical research

• conflicting mental processes

• unconscious mental processes

• self defensive thought and self-deception

• childhood patterns 

• sexual agressive impulses