Futhark/Futhorc Phenomenon in the British Isles and Scandinavia

Timeframe: • Elder Futhark

The oldest runic alphabet, used roughly from 150 to 800 AD across Scandinavia and parts of Europe.

Timeframe: • Younger Futhark

Evolved from Elder Futhark around 800 AD, used until about 1200 AD in Scandinavia.

Timeframe: • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc

Developed from Elder Futhark in the 5th century, used until the 11th century in the British Isles.

Differences Between Futhark and Futhorc: • Elder Futhark (Scandinavia)

Had 24 runes, used for inscriptions on stones, weapons, and jewelry. Evolved into Younger Futhark.

Differences Between Futhark and Futhorc: • Younger Futhark (Scandinavia)

Simplified to 16 runes, adapted to Old Norse sounds, found on Viking Age runestones.

Differences Between Futhark and Futhorc: • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc (British Isles)

Expanded to 33 runes, adapted to Old English sounds, found on monuments, coins, and manuscripts.

General Messages in Carvings: • Elder Futhark

Often used for memorials, magical charms, and ownership marks.

General Messages in Carvings: • Younger Futhark

Inscriptions on runestones commemorated events, claimed territories, and included prayers to gods.

General Messages in Carvings: • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc

Used for legal documents, religious texts, and personal inscriptions, with Christian themes and magical formulas.