Module 11 - substance abuse

What is the mechanism of absorption alcohol follows?

Follows first order kinetics — amount of absorption is based on dose amount (how much consumed)

How much of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach?

10-20% - can vary based on how long it stays in the stomach

How much alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine?

80-90%

What are three things that speed absorption of alcohol?

• Empty stomach

• Adrenaline

• Carbonation

Explain how alcohol gets distributed

• Alcohol is water-soluable

• When absorbed it goes to the lean tissue (muscles and organs), not the fat

• So a learner person will be able to dilute the alcohol better because they have a higher volume of water

• Hence a person with a high body fat percentage will have lower higher BAC (blood alcohol concentration) than a person that has more muscle mass than fat.

What are the two ways of metabolizing? explain both fully

1. Ethanol — acetaldehyde — Enzyme used is alcohol acetaldehyde. Affects how fast the alcohol leaves your blood stream. Men tend to have more ADH — making them more tolerant to alcohol.

2. Acetaldehyde — acetate — Enzyme: aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) — some people have a lower amount of ALDH, so they get sick more and experience the symptoms faster (nausea, dizziness). — cause they have a slower metabolism

How does the excretion of alcohol work?

Alcohol is excreted through exhalation air — hence why breathalyzers work.

The kidney excretes it by urine in small amounts (not large)

Most alcohol metabolizes into Co2 and H20 which the by products of these get excreted through breathing or urination. - after alcohol is fully broken down

What rate does alcohol get eliminated?

At a zero constant rate

How much alcohol does the liver metabolize?

10-12g/hr in a 70kg person

What determines alcohol tolerance?

• Sex

• Genetics

• Weight

• Metabolic tolerance

What are the three factors that determines blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

• Rate of absorption

• Volume of distribution

• Rate of metabolism

what are the 10 effects of chronic alcohol use?

1. Cancer risk

2. Brain issues

3. Liver damage

4. Cardiovascular health

5. GI tract disorders

6. Trauma and violence

7. MHDs

8. Nutrition, blood, and bone effects

9. Pregnancy and Reproductive effects

10. Mortality

Explain how your choices about alcohol can affect other people?

On ipad

How do choices of tobacco use affect other people?

On ipad

What are examples of stimulants and how do they affect appetitie?

Meth and cocaine:

• Reduce appetite (short term)

• Cause malnutrition (long term)

How does cannabis affect appetite?

Increases appetite for low glycemic foods (junk)

How does alcohol affect appetite?

Cloud judgment which can cause poor food choices

How do stimulants affect sexual activity?

• Reduce sexual desire and function (erectile dysfunction)

• Cause anxiety and paranoia - can lead unhealthy/unsafe sex

How does alcohol affect sexual activity?

Low dose: decrease anxiety and inhibition which increases sexual desire

High dose: CNS depression leading to decreased sexual function and arousal

How does stimulants affect physical activity?

Increased heat rate, energy, and alertness. which can cause overstimulation, hyperactivity, and increased movement. Can be risky

How does ALCOHOL affect PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?

Causes impaired balance, coordination, and reaction time — which makes physical activity unsafe and reduces physical activity of a person

How does cannabis affect physical activity?

Reduced reaction time, impaired attention and memory which lowers physical performance.