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Big Bang
The theory that the universe started from a singular point and has been expanding ever since.
Edwin Hubble
Astronomer who demonstrated that galaxies are moving away from each other, leading to the formulation of Hubble's Law.
Red Shift
A phenomenon indicating that an object in space is moving away, causing the light to shift toward longer wavelengths.
Cosmic Microwave Background
Radiation that is a remnant of the Big Bang, predicted by Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman.
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
The balance between the inward force of gravity and the outward pressure from nuclear fusion in a star.
Nucleosynthesis
The process of forming new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, particularly within stars.
Earth Differentiation
The process by which Earth separates into different layers, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
P Waves
Primary waves that are faster and can travel through solids and liquids during an earthquake.
S Waves
Secondary waves that are slower and can only travel through solids, providing insights into the Earth's inner structure.
Impact Theory
A hypothesis suggesting that the Moon formed from the debris of a colossal impact between Earth and another body.
Fission Theory
George Darwin's hypothesis that the Moon separated from a rapidly spinning proto-Earth.
Co-Accretion Theory
The theory suggesting that the Earth and Moon formed from the same primordial dust and gas.
Capture Theory
The hypothesis that the Moon was formed elsewhere in the solar system and was captured by Earth's gravity.
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