APHG Unit 2 Vocabulary

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The 2nd Unit of Vocabulary for Advanced Placement Human Geography

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64 Terms

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Age Distribution

Proportion of various age groups in a population.

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Agricultural Density

Number of farmers per unit area of arable land.

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Agricultural Revolution

Transition to farming from hunter-gatherer societies.

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Antinatalist

Policy or attitude discouraging population growth.

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Arithmetic Density

Total population divided by total land area.

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Carrying Capacity

Maximum population an environment can sustain.

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Census

Official count of a population, usually every decade.

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Crude Birth Rate

Number of live births per 1,000 people annually.

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Crude Death Rate

Number of deaths per 1,000 people annually.

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Demographic Momentum

Population growth continuing after fertility decline.

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Demographic Transition Model

Model explaining population change over time.

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Demography

Study of population statistics and trends.

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Dependency Ratio

Ratio of dependents to working-age population.

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Doubling Time

Time taken for a population to double.

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Ecumene

Habitable land area occupied by humans.

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Epidemic

Rapid spread of infectious disease in a population.

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Epidemiologic Transition Model

Model showing changes in disease patterns over time.

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Epidemiology

Study of disease distribution and determinants.

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Industrial Revolution

Period of major industrialization in the 18th-19th centuries.

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Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

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Life Expectancy

Average number of years a person is expected to live.

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Medical Revolution

Advancements in medicine improving health and longevity.

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Mortality

Rate of death in a population.

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Natality

Birth rate of a population.

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Natural Increase Rate

Rate of population growth excluding migration.

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Overpopulation

Exceeding carrying capacity of an environment.

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Pandemic

Widespread outbreak of a disease across regions.

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Physiological Density

Population per unit area of arable land.

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Population Pyramid

Graph showing age and sex distribution of a population.

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Potential Support Ratio

Ratio of working-age to elderly population.

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Total Fertility Rate

Average number of children born to a woman.

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Zero Population Growth

Population remains stable with no growth.

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Adolescent Fertility Rate

Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19.

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Development

Process of economic growth and improvement.

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Asylum Seeker

Person seeking refuge in another country.

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Brain Drain

Emigration of highly trained or educated individuals.

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Chain Migration

Migration pattern where migrants follow others.

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Circulation

Short-term, repetitive movements within a population.

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Counterurbanization

Population shift from urban to rural areas.

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Emigration

Leaving one's country to settle in another.

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Forced Migration

Involuntary movement due to conflict or disaster.

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Guest Worker

Temporary labor migrant in another country.

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Immigration

Entering a country to live permanently.

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Internal Migration

Movement within a country.

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Internally Displaced Person

Person forced to flee within their own country.

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International Migration

Movement across national borders.

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Interregional Migration

Movement between different regions within a country.

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Intervening Obstacle

Barrier hindering migration.

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Intervening Opportunity

Chance that encourages migration to a particular location.

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Intraregional Migration

Movement within the same region.

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Migration

Movement of people from one place to another.

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Mobility

Ability to move freely within a population.

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Net Migration

Difference between immigration and emigration.

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Pull Factor

Attraction that draws people to a location.

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Push Factor

Condition driving people away from a location.

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Quotas

Limits on number of immigrants allowed.

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Refugees

People forced to flee their home country.

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Remittance

Money sent back home by migrants.

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Repatriation

Returning refugees to their home country.

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Step Migration

Migration in stages to reach a final destination.

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Undocumented Immigrants

Individuals residing without legal authorization.

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Voluntary Migration

Choice to relocate for better opportunities.

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Pronatalist

Policy or attitude encouraging population growth.

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Sex Ratio

Ratio of males to females in a population.