APHG Unit 2 Vocabulary

The 2nd Unit of Vocabulary for Advanced Placement Human Geography

Age Distribution

Proportion of various age groups in a population.

Agricultural Density

Number of farmers per unit area of arable land.

Agricultural Revolution

Transition to farming from hunter-gatherer societies.

Antinatalist

Policy or attitude discouraging population growth.

Arithmetic Density

Total population divided by total land area.

Carrying Capacity

Maximum population an environment can sustain.

Census

Official count of a population, usually every decade.

Crude Birth Rate

Number of live births per 1,000 people annually.

Crude Death Rate

Number of deaths per 1,000 people annually.

Demographic Momentum

Population growth continuing after fertility decline.

Demographic Transition Model

Model explaining population change over time.

Demography

Study of population statistics and trends.

Dependency Ratio

Ratio of dependents to working-age population.

Doubling Time

Time taken for a population to double.

Ecumene

Habitable land area occupied by humans.

Epidemic

Rapid spread of infectious disease in a population.

Epidemiologic Transition Model

Model showing changes in disease patterns over time.

Epidemiology

Study of disease distribution and determinants.

Industrial Revolution

Period of major industrialization in the 18th-19th centuries.

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Life Expectancy

Average number of years a person is expected to live.

Medical Revolution

Advancements in medicine improving health and longevity.

Mortality

Rate of death in a population.

Natality

Birth rate of a population.

Natural Increase Rate

Rate of population growth excluding migration.

Overpopulation

Exceeding carrying capacity of an environment.

Pandemic

Widespread outbreak of a disease across regions.

Physiological Density

Population per unit area of arable land.

Population Pyramid

Graph showing age and sex distribution of a population.

Potential Support Ratio

Ratio of working-age to elderly population.

Total Fertility Rate

Average number of children born to a woman.

Zero Population Growth

Population remains stable with no growth.

Adolescent Fertility Rate

Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19.

Development

Process of economic growth and improvement.

Asylum Seeker

Person seeking refuge in another country.

Brain Drain

Emigration of highly trained or educated individuals.

Chain Migration

Migration pattern where migrants follow others.

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive movements within a population.

Counterurbanization

Population shift from urban to rural areas.

Emigration

Leaving one's country to settle in another.

Forced Migration

Involuntary movement due to conflict or disaster.

Guest Worker

Temporary labor migrant in another country.

Immigration

Entering a country to live permanently.

Internal Migration

Movement within a country.

Internally Displaced Person

Person forced to flee within their own country.

International Migration

Movement across national borders.

Interregional Migration

Movement between different regions within a country.

Intervening Obstacle

Barrier hindering migration.

Intervening Opportunity

Chance that encourages migration to a particular location.

Intraregional Migration

Movement within the same region.

Migration

Movement of people from one place to another.

Mobility

Ability to move freely within a population.

Net Migration

Difference between immigration and emigration.

Pull Factor

Attraction that draws people to a location.

Push Factor

Condition driving people away from a location.

Quotas

Limits on number of immigrants allowed.

Refugees

People forced to flee their home country.

Remittance

Money sent back home by migrants.

Repatriation

Returning refugees to their home country.

Step Migration

Migration in stages to reach a final destination.

Undocumented Immigrants

Individuals residing without legal authorization.

Voluntary Migration

Choice to relocate for better opportunities.

Pronatalist

Policy or attitude encouraging population growth.

Sex Ratio

Ratio of males to females in a population.