Anatomical Kinesiology - Arm

Shoulder Flexion

• (Anterior) Deltoid

• Pec Major

Shoulder Extension

• Teres Major*

• Latissimus Dorsi*

• Pec Major

• Deltoid

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction

• (Posterior) Deltoid

• Infraspinatus*

• Teres Minor*

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

• (Anterior) Deltoid

• Pec Major

• Coracobrachialis

Shoulder Abduction

• Deltoid

• Supraspinatus

• Pec Major

Shoulder Adduction

• Latissimus Dorsi*

• Teres Major*

• Pec Major

Shoulder External Rotation

• Infraspinatus*

• Teres Minor*

Shoulder Internal Rotation

• Latissimus Dorsi*

• Teres Major*

• Subscapularis

• Pec Major

Scapular Elevation

• Rhomboid

• Levator Scapula

• (Upper) Trapezius

Scapular Depression

• (Lower) Trapezius

• Pec Minor

Scapular Retraction (ADD)

• (Middle) Trapezius

• Rhomboids

Scapular Protraction (ABD)

• Pec Minor

• Serratus Anterior

Scapular Upward Rotation

• Trapezius

• Serratus Anterior

Scapular Downward Rotation

• Pec Minor

• Rhomboid

Humeroulnar/radial Flexion

• Biceps Brachii

• Brachialis

• Brachioradialis

Humeroulnar/radial Extension

• Triceps Brachii

• Anconeus

Humeroulnar/radial Supination

• Biceps Brachii

• Supinator

• Brachioradialis

Humeroulnar/radial Pronation

Pronator Teres

Pronator Quadratus

Brachioradialis

Wrist Flexion

• Flexor Carpi Radialis

• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

• Palmaris Longus

Wrist Extension

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

• Enxtensor Carpi Ulnaris

Radial Deviation (Wrist Abduction)

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Ulnar Deviation (Wrist Adduction)

• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Finger Flexion

• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

• Flexor Digitorum Profundus

• Flexor Pollicus Longus

Finger Extension

• Extensor Digitorum

• Extensor Indicus

• Extensor Digiti Minimi

• Extensor Pollicus Longus

• Extensor Pollicus Brevis

PAD/DAB

Palmar Adduction/Dorsal Abduction

Shoulder Joint Action: Abduction

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Upward Rotation

Shoulder Joint Action: Adduction

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Downward Rotation

Shoulder Joint Action: Flexion

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Elevation & Upward Rotation

Shoulder Joint Action: Extension

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Depression & Downward Rotation

Shoulder Joint Action: Internal Rotation

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Protraction

Shoulder Joint Action: External Rotation

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Retraction

Shoulder Joint Action: Horizontal Adduction

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Protraction

Shoulder Joint Action: Horizontal Abduction

Shoulder Girdle Action: ?

Retraction

Muscles Involved in Shoulder Girdle

1. Trapezius

2. Levator Scapulae

3. Rhomboids

4. Serratus Anterior

5. Pec Minor

Upper Trapezius Actions in Shoulder Girdle

• Elevation

• Upward Rotation

Middle Fiber Actions in Shoulder Girdle

• Elevation

• Retraction

Lower Trapezius Actions in Shoulder Girdle

• Depression

• Upward Rotation

• Retraction

Levator Scapulae Actions in Shoulder Girdle

Elevation

Rhomboid Actions in Shoulder Girdle

Retraction

Serratus Anterior Actions in Shoulder Girdle

• Protraction

• Upward Rotation

Pec Minor Actions in Shoulder Girdle

• Depression

• Protraction

What does the subclavius do for the shoulder girdle?

Stabilization and Protection of SC Joint

Shoulder Joint Muscles

• Deltoid

• Coracobrachialis

• Teres Major

• Subscapularis

• Supraspinatus

• Infraspinatus

• Teres Minor

• Lats

• Pec Major

Anterior Deltoid Actions in Shoulder Joint

• Abduction

• Flexion

• Horizontal Adduction

Middle Deltoid Actions in Shoulder Joint

Abduction

Posterior Deltoid Actions in Shoulder Joint

• Abduction

• Extension

• Horizontal Abduction

Coracobrachialis Actions in Shoulder Joint

Horizontal Adduction

Teres Major and Lats Actions in Shoulder Joint

• Internal Rotation

• Extension

• Adduction

Pec Major Actions in Shoulder Joint

Every action except horizontal abduction and external rotation

Muscles in the Rotator Cuff

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus

3. Teres Minor

4. Subscapularis

Supraspinatus Actions in Rotator Cuff

• Stabilization of humeral head in glenoid fossa

• Abduction

Infraspinatus Actions in Shoulder Joint

• Stabilization of humeral head in the glenoid fossa

• External Rotation

• Horizontal Abduction

Teres Minor Actions in Rotator Cuff

• Stabilization of humeral head in the glenoid fossa

• External Rotation

• Horizontal Abduction

Subscapularis Actions in Rotator Cuff

• Stabilization of humeral head in the glenoid fossa

• Internal rotation

What is the medial epicondyle on the distal humerus the attachment site for?

• Ulnar Collateral Ligament

• Superficial Flexor Muscles of Forearm

What is the lateral epicondyle on the distal humerus the attachment site for?

• Radial Collateral Ligament

• Superficial Extensor Muscles of Forearm

What is common forearm deviation in anatomical position (carrying angle)?

5 - 15 degrees

Do females or males commonly have a greater carrying angle?

Females

What bony articulation limits flexion in the elbow?

Coronoid Process

What bony articulation terminates extension of the elbow?

Olecranon Process

What kind of joint in the proximal radioulnar articulation?

Pivot (Uniaxial)

What is the site for muscular attachment between the ulna and radius?

Interosseous Membrane

What are the three elbow ligaments?

• Radial Collateral Ligament: provide support for sides of joint

• Ulnar Collateral Ligament: provide support for sides of joint

• Annular Ligament: holds the proximal radioulnar joint together

Valgus

Abduction of of the distal ligament

Varus

Adduction of the distal segment

Radial Collateral Ligament

• Provides lateral stability

• Resists varus torques

• Prevents elbow adduction

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

• Provides medial support

• Resists valgus torques

• Prevent elbow abduction

• More injured than RCL

Lateral Epicondylitis

• “Tennis Elbow”

• Inflammation, soreness, or pain on lateral side of upper arm near elbow

• MOI: repetitive microtrauma of insertion to wrist extensor muscles

• Risk Factors: repetitive gripping/twisting, poor technique/equipment

Medial Epicondylitis

• “Golfer’s Elbow”

• Inflammation, soreness, or pain on medial side of upper arm near elbow

• MOI: repeated forceful wrist flexion and extreme valgus torque on the elbow

Little League Elbow

• Avulsion fracture of medial epicondylar apophysis

• MOI: repetitive microtraumas that occur from throwing motion

Biceps Brachii Actions in the Elbow

• Elbow Flexion

• Radioulnar Supination

Brachialis Actions in the Elbow

• Elbow Flexion

• “Workhorse” of the elbow

Brachioradialis Actions in the Elbow

Elbow Flexion

Triceps Brachii Actions in the Elbow

Elbow Extension

Triceps Brachii Long Head Action in Shoulder

• Shoulder Adduction

• Shoulder Horizontal Abduction

Anconeus Actions in the Elbow

Elbow Extension

Pronator Teres Actions in the Elbow

Radioulnar Pronation

Pronator Quadratus Actions in the Elbow

Radioulnar Pronation

Supinator Actions in the Elbow

Radioulnar Supination

What is the strongest elbow flexor?

Brachialis

Which is the most effective elbow flexor?

Brachioradialis

How many carpal bones are there?

8

Acronym - Bottom Row (Left to Right) to Top Row (Left to Right)

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

• Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

What ligament creates the carpal tunnel?

Transverse Carpal Ligament

What bones is most impacted by FOOSHing?

Scaphoid

What are the three joints of the fingers (2nd-5th)?

• Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints

• Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joints

• Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) Joints

What kind of joints are the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints?

Condyloid

What kind of joints are proximal and distal interphalangeal joints?

Hinge

What are the three joints of the thumb?

• Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint

• Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint

• Interphalangeal (IP) Joint

What kind of joint is the Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint?

Saddle

What is opposition?

Flexion of the fingers and thumb (close fist)

What is reposition?

Extension of the fingers and thumb (open hand)

What bone name is involved in wrist abduction?

Radial Side

What bone name is involved in wrist adduction?

Ulnar Side

Flexor Carpi Radialis Action in Wrist

• Wrist Flexion

• Wrist Abduction

Palmaris Longus Action in Wrist

Wrist Flexion

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action in Wrist

• Wrist Flexion

• Wrist Adduction

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Action in Wrist

• Wrist Extension

• Wrist Adduction

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis/Longus

• Wrist Extension

• Wrist Abduction

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Action in Fingers

MCP and PIP flexion