Upper limb muscles

Pectoralis Minor Origin and insertion

From the upper ribs

to the coracoid process

Pictorial minor Function

Protraction and depression of scapula

Subclavius origin and insertion

From the first rib and its cartilage

to clavicle.

Subclavius nerve

Nerve to subclavius

Subclavius function

Stabilizes clavicle 

Serratus Anterior origin and insertion 

Upper 8 to 9 ribs anteriorly 

to medial border of scapula (ventral) 

Serratus anterior nerve

Longthoracic nerve

Serratus anterior function

Protraction and rotation of the scapula +90° lateral rotation

Trapezius origin and insertion 

Skull and upper ½ of vertebral column 

To scapula and clavical

Trapezius nerve

Spinal part of accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve)

Trapezius function

Upper fiber: elevation of scapula

middle fiber: Retraction of scapula

Lower fiber: depression of scapula

Upper and lower fiber cause upwards rotation of the scapula +90° (lateral)

Lavator, Rhombidous minor and major origin and insertion 

Vertebral column 

to medical border of scapula (dorsaly)

Lavator, Rhombidous minor and major nerve

Dorsal nerve 

Lavator, Rhombidous minor and major Functions

Levator: elevation of scapula

Rhombidous major and minor: retraction

All: downward rotation of scapula (medial)

Pictorialis Major origin and insertion 

2 heads

clavicular head: front medial half of the clavicle

Sternocostal head: front of sternum and upper costal cartilage 

Both heads unite at the lateral lip of bisipital groove 

Pictorialis major nerve

Medial and Lateral pectoral nerve

Pictorialis major function

Addiction and medial rotation of the shoulder

clavicular flexion

Sternocostal extension

In exercise when the insertion of both pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles are fixed they draw the trunk upwards

Latissimus dorsi origin and insertion 

Lower thoracic spine, lower ribs, thoracoluber facia, inferior angle of scapula 

to floor of bicipital groove

Latissimus dorsi nerve

Thoracodorsal nerve

Latissimus dorsi function

Addiction and medial rotation

extention

In exercise when the insertion of both pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles are fixed they draw the trunk upwards

Deltoid origin and insertion

Clavicle and scapula (opposite to trapezius)

to deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid nerve

Axillary 

Deltoid function

Anterior fiber: flexion and medial rotation of arm

middle fiber: abduction from 15° to 90°

Posterior: extension and lateral rotation of the arm

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor origin and insertion

From the back if scapula

to greater tuberosity

Supraspinatus nerve

Suprascapular 

Infraspinatus nerve

Suprascapular

Teres minor nerve

Axillary nerve

Supraspinatus function 

Initiate abduction o to 15

Infraspinatus and teres minor function

Lateral rotation of the arm

Subscapularis origin and insertion

Front of scapula

lesser tuberosity

Subscapulstis nerve

Upper and lower subscapularis 

Subscapularis function

Addiction and medial rotation

Teres major origin and insertion

Lateral border of scapula

to medial lip of bicipital groove

Teres major nerve 

Lower subscapular nerve

Teres major function

Addiction, medial rotation of the arm and extension

Biceps brachii origin and insertion

2 heads

long head: suptaglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head: apex of coracoid prosses of scapula

to radial tuberosity of the radius and bicipital aponeurosis

Biceps brachii nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps brachii function

Flexion of the forarm at the elbow

accessory flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint

[Supinator of the forarm (sub7an Allah)♤

Brachialis origin and insertion

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

to coronoid processof ulna

Brachialis never

Musculocutaneous and Radial nerve

Brachialis function

Flexion of the forarm at the elbow

Coracobrachialis origin and insertion

From coracoid process of the scapula 

To the middle of the medial surface of the shaft of humerus 

Coracobrachialis nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis function

Flexion and addiction of the arm

Triceps brachii origin and insertion 

3 heads

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula 

Medial head: posterior surface of humerus 

Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus 

To olecranon of ulna

Triceps brachii nerve

Radial nerve

Triceps brachii function

Extension of the for arm

long head steadies the head of the humerus during abduction