AP HUG TEST REVIEW UNIT 4

Country

A place with its own government and borders

State

A political unit with a permanent population, territory, government, and sovereignty

Nation-State

A country where most people share the same culture or ethnicity. Example: Japan

Multinational state

A country with multiple ethnic groups. Example: Russia

Colony

A territory ruled by people from another country

City-State

A city that is also an independent country. Example: Singapore

Self-Determination

The right of a group of people to choose their own government

Balkanization

When a region breaks into smaller hostile states

Devolution

When a central government gives power to regional governments

Centripetal Force

A force that unites people in a country

Centrifugal Force

A force that divides people in a country

Physical Boundary

Border based on natural features like rivers or mountains

Geometric Boundary

Straight-line boundary drawn without regard to culture or nature

Cultural Boundary

Boundary based on language, religion, or ethnicity

Superimposed Boundary

Boundary placed over existing cultures without considering them

Frontier

An area where no clear boundary exists

Compact State

A round state with easy communication and transportation

Fragmented State

A state made of separated pieces. Example: Indonesia

Elongated State

A long, Narrow state. Example: Chile

Perforated State

A state that surrounds another country. Example: South Africa surrounding Lesotho

Prorupted state

A compact state with a long extension

Heartland Theory

The idea that controlling central Eurasia leads to world power

Rimland Theory

The idea that controlling the coastal areas of Eurasia leads to power

UN Law of the Sea

Countries control 12 miles of sea and 200 miles for resources

Democratic Government

Citizens have power through voting

Autocratic Government

One person has most of the power

Anocratic Government

A mix of democracy and autocracy

Gerrymandering

Redrawing voting districts to help one political party

United Nations

Global organization promoting peace and cooperation

NATO

Military alliance between North American and European countries

Warsaw Pact

Cold military alliance of Soviet and Eastern European countries

European Union

Economic and political union of European countries

Comecon

Economic organization of communist countries during the Cold War

NAFTA

Trade agreement between United States, Canada, and Mexico