Blood: formation RBC, anemia, and hematocrit

(BF) What is hemopoiesis?

blood formation in the red bone marrow

(BF) What is hematopoiesis

same as hemopoiesis

What are hemopoietic growth factors?

hormones that regulate the differentiation proliferation of certain progenitor cells

What are the types of hemopoietic growth factors? 

erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and colony stimulating factors

(HGF) What is erythropoietin 

hormone released by the kidneys, stimulates the production of RBCs, increasing the # of RBC precursors 

(HGF) What is thrombopoietin?

hormone produced by the liver, stimulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes 

(HGF) What are colony stimulating factors?

hormones that stimulates WBC formation

What are cytokines?

glycoproteins that regulate the developments of different blood cell types

What do RBCs contain? What is it?

contains hemoglobin, O2 carrying protein, gives blood its red color 

RBCs enter circulation at X, balancing with the high rate of RBC X

2 million per second, destruction 

(RBCA) Biconcave disc shape: PM

the PM is strong and flexible, allowing them to squeeze through the capillaries without rupturing 

(RBCA) Biconcave disc: SA/V ratio

shape creates a high SA/V ratio, increasing the diffusion rate for CO2+O2, in and out of the cell

(RBCA) RBCs lack X, so they can’t X

nucleus and organelles, can’t reproduce or carry extensive metabolic activities 

Hemoglobin can carry up to?

four O2 molecules

(Hb) Consists of globin, which is?

proteins composed of 4 polypeptide chains, it surrounds the heme group 

(Hb) Consists of heme, what is it?

non protein pigments that binds to PP chains, at the center is contains Fe2+

(Hb) In heme, Fe2+ is the portion that?

binds O2, CO2 and H+ (regulates pH)

Hb also regulates X with a gaseous hormone:

blood flow and pressure through nitic oxide

Hb may relax to cause?

vasodilation, improving blood flow and lowering BP

How do RBC generate ATP?

anaerobically

What is the life span of a RBC?

120 days, because of the wear and tear of the PM

Why can RBC not synthesize new components?

because of the lack of nucleus (protein synthesis) and organelles

RBC are disposed by?

the liver and spleen

(A) What is anemia?

the O2 carrying capacity of blood decreases, due to a reduced # of RBC or hemoglobin (hematocrit)

(A) What is iron deficiency?

inadequate absorption, excessive loss, increased Fe2+ requirement, and insufficient intake of iron

(A) Iron deficiency: Women experience it b/c of

menstruation

(A) Protein or AA deficiency

not experienced by much americans, unless vegan

(A) Megablastic anemia

vitamin B12 deficiency or folic acid

B12 is only found in?

animal products

(A) Pernicious anemia:

insufficient hemopoieses, stomach is unable to produce intrinsic factor, which is required for the absorption of B12

What is intristic factor?

protein made in stomach that binds to B12, receptors of the small intestine then bind to it, pulling B12 to absorb 

excessive loss of RBCs through bleeding 

hemorrhagic anemia 

RBC PM ruptures prematurely

hemolytic anemia

deficient synthesis of hemoglobin

thalassemia

destruction of RBM

aplastic anemia

What is inherited anemia?

single point mutation is hemoglobin 

What is altitude sickness?

air is then b/c pressure of O2 is not the same

need more Hb