CINE 100 - Midterm Quiz

180° system

When camera stays on one side of the action to ensure consistent left-right spatial relations between elements from shot to shot

Abstract from

A type of filmic organization in which the parts relate to one another through repetition and variation of such visual qualities as shape, colour, rhythm, and direction of movement.

Academy ratio

Standardized film frame shape established by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

1.33:1 —> 1.85:1

Aerial perspective

Depth cue that presents objects in distance less distinctly than those in the foreground

Anamorphic lens

Lens for widescreen films. Wide lens squishes view onto frame, later a projector unsqueezes it

Aspect ratio

Relationship of frame’s width to its height

Associational form

When film’s parts are organized to juxtapose each other to suggest similarities, contrasts, concepts, emotions, and expressive qualities,

180° system

When camera stays on one side of the action to ensure consistent left-right spatial relations between elements from shot to shot

Axis of action

A type of filmic organization in which the parts relate to one another through repetition and variation of such visual qualities as shape, colour, rhythm, and direction of movement.

Academy ratio

Standardized film frame shape established by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

1.33:1 —> 1.85:1

Aerial perspective

Depth cue that presents objects in distance less distinctly than those in the foreground

Categorical form

Parts of the film are organized by the distinct subsets of topics it treats

CGI

Computer-Generated Imagery

Cheat cut

In the continuity editing system, it presents continuous time from shot to shot but mismatches the positions of figures or objects

Cinematography

General term for all the manipulation of the film strip in the shooting and developing phase

Close-up

Framing where figure is shown from the neck-up

Constructive editing

Suggests a scene’s space by only providing portions of it with no establishing shot

Continuity editing

Style of editing that maintains continuous and clear narrative action. Relies on matching screen direction, position, and temporal relations from shot to shot

Contrast

Difference between brightest and darkest areas within the frame

Crane shot

Framing changes by placing the camera above the subject and moving through the air in any direction

Crosscutting

Editing that alternates shots of two or more lines of action occurring in different places

Cut

1. (in filmmaking) joining two strips of film together with a splice

2. (in the finished film) instantaneous change from one frame to another

Cutscenes

Acts as transitional material that links different parts of a game

Deep focus

Close and distance planes are in sharp focus

180° system

When camera stays on one side of the action to ensure consistent left-right spatial relations between elements from shot to shot

Depth of field

The range of distance that is in sharp focus

Dialogue overlap

Editing cuts so that a bit of dialogue from one shot overlaps another shot

Dissolve

Type of transition where shot A gradually disappears while shot B is gradually appearing simultaneously

Dolly

Camera on wheels used for tracking shots

Duration

Aspect of temporal manipulation that involves the time span presented in the plot and assumed to operate in the story

Editing

1. (in filmmaking) selecting and joining camera takes

2. (in the finished film) set of techniques that govern relations among shots

Elliptical editing

Transitions that omit parts of an event, causing an ellipsis in plot duration

Establishing shots

A shot usually involving distant framing that shows the spatial relations among important figures and objects, and setting in a scene

Exposure

How much light passes through aperture and onto the frame

External diegetic sound

Sound coming from a physical source within the story space

Extreme close-up

Framing where a small object or part of the body is shown largely

Extreme long shot

Framing where characters and objects are very small and background dominates

Eyeline match

Editing frames so that in shot A someone looks off in a direction and then shot B shows what they would be looking at

Fade-in

Transition where shot gradually brightens from black (can also fade in from a general solid colour)

Fade-out

Transition where shot gradually darkens to black (can also fade out to a solid colour)

Fidelity

How faithful film adaptation remains in relation to the narrative details of its source material

Fill light

Illumination that is less intense than the key light. Used to soften deep shadows

Film noir

Term usually prevalent in mystery or thriller genres that involves low-key lighting and a somber mood

Filter

Putting something on the lens to alter the way light enters and strikes film

Flashfoward

Alteration of story order where future story info is presented before returning to the present

Focal length

Determines the perspective relations of the space represented on a flat screen. Distance from center of lens to the point where light rays converge in sharp focus

Focus

Degree that light rays converge at the same point creating sharp outlines and distinct textures

Axis of action

Overall system of relationships among the parts of a film

Framing

Selecting what will be visible within the edges of the screen

Frequency

Aspect of temporal manipulation that involves the amount of times any story event is shown in the plot

Frontal lighting

Illumination coming onto the scene from near the camera

Frontality

When figures are staged to face the camera, or viewers

Deep focus

Close and distance planes are in sharp focus

Handheld camera

Camera is held by had or with a harness

High-key lighting

Lighting that creates little contrast as fill light brightens shadows

Internal diegetic sound

Sound that comes from within the mind of a character within story space

Interpretation

When viewers analyze the implicit and symptomatic meanings suggested in a film

Iris

A moving mask that can close to end a scene (iris-out) or emphasize a detail, or open to begin a scene (iris-in) or reveal more space around a detail

Jump cut

Elliptical cut that appears to interrupt a single shot. Figures change instantly while background stays constant or background changes instantly while figures stay constant

Key light

Main and brightest source of illumination in the 3-point lighting system

Lens

A piece of transparent material that gathers of focuses light rays. Compound lenses involve a series of lenses

Long shot

Framing where characters whole body is shown

Long take

A shot that continues for a while before a cut

Low-key lighting

Illumination that creates a strong contrast with little fill light to brighten up shadows

Mask

Opaque screen that blocks off and changes the shape of the image or frame

Masking

Stretches of black fabric that frame the theatre screen? Can be adjusted to accommodate different aspect ratios

Match on action

Editing so that movement between different shots remains continuous

Matte work

A type of process shot where different areas of the image are photographed separately and combined in later lab work

Referential meaning

allusion to particular info outside of the film that a viewer is expected to recognize

Explicit meaning

Significance presented openly usually in language and often near the film’s beginning or end

Implicit meaning

Inferred meaning that is for the viewer to discover upon analysis and reflection

Symptomatic meaning

Significance that the film consequently communicates as a result of its historical or social context

Medium close-up

Framing where character is shown from chest up

Medium long shot

Framing where character is shown from waist up

Mise-en-scène

All of the elements placed in front of the camera to be photographed: setting, props, lighting, costumes and makeup, figure behaviour

Mixing

Combining two or more soundtracks by recording them onto a single one

Monochromatic color design

Colour design that emphasizes a narrow set of shades of a single colour

Montage sequence

A film segment summarizing a topic or compressing a passage of time into brief symbolic or typical images

Motif

An element in a film that is repeated in a significant way

Narration

How the plot conveys story info. Restricted or unrestricted knowledge

Narrative

Chain of events linked by cause and effect and occurring in time and space

Narrative form

Film is organized by arranging parts into a series of causally related events relating to each other in time and space

Nondiegetic insert

Shots inserted into a sequence that shshowsow objects which are represented as outside of the world of the narrative

Nondiegetic sound

Sound that comes from a source outside the space of the narrative

Abstract from

Diegetic sound that comes from a source in time either earlier or later than the images presently being shown

Order

Aspect of temporal manipulation that involves the sequence in which story info is presented in the plot. What order to tell the story in

Overlap

Depth cue given by placing objects partly in front of more distance ones

Overlapping effect

Cuts that repeat part or all of an action, thus expanding its viewing time and plot duration

Pan

Rotating the camera from left or right. Scanning the place horizontally

Plot

Events that are directly presented to the audience which are taken from the story

POV shot

Shot taken from approx where the character’s eyes would be giving viewers that character’s point of view

Deep space

Mise-en-scène elements arranged so there is considerable distance between closest and furthest planes

Form

Overall system of relationships among the parts of a film

Framing

Selecting what will be visible within the edges of the screen

Crosscutting

Editing that alternates shots of two or more lines of action occurring in different places

Cut

1. (in filmmaking) joining two strips of film together with a splice

2. (in the finished film) instantaneous change from one frame to another

Rear projection

Technique for combining foreground action with background action filmed earlier that is projected

Reestablishing shot

Shot that returns to a view of an entire space

Reframing

Small adjustments in pan and tilts to accommodate character movement and keep them in frame

Screen direction

The right-left relationships in a scene which are set by establishing shots and determined by character/object position, movement, and eyelines