AP Euro Chapter 19

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57 Terms

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1789

The year the French Revolution began, marked by the storming of the Bastille and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

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Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette attempted to leave France (1791)

The French king and queen tried to escape revolutionary France but were caught and returned to Paris.

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9 Thermidor

A day in the French revolutionary calendar (July 27, 1794) when Robespierre was arrested and executed, marking the end of the Reign of Terror.

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A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

A work by Mary Wollstonecraft demanding equal rights for women and advocating for coeducation.

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New Tax After Protest

After protests from those previously exempt, the monarchy dropped a proposed tax on the common people.

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American Revolution

The revolutionary war in America (1775–1783) that inspired the French Revolution.

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Battle of Austerlitz

A decisive victory by Napoleon over Russia and Austria in 1805.

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Concordat of 1801

An agreement between Napoleon and the Catholic Church that reestablished church-state relations in France.

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Conscripted Men

Men forced into military service, especially during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.

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Constitutional Monarchy

A form of government where the monarch shares power with a constitutionally established body.

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Continental System

Napoleon's blockade aimed at weakening Britain by prohibiting European trade with them.

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Country's Religious Life

Refers to the significant role the church played in pre-revolutionary France and its changes during the revolution.

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Coup d'Ă©tat

A sudden overthrow of a government, like Napoleon's rise to power.

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Dechristianization

A movement during the revolution to remove Christian influences from French society, including attacking churches and religious symbols.

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Declaration of Pillnitz

A statement by Austria and Prussia supporting Louis XVI and threatening intervention if he was harmed.

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (August 27, 1789)

A fundamental document of the French Revolution outlining individual rights and the principles of equality and freedom.

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Directory

The five-member executive government that replaced the National Convention in 1795 but was soon overthrown by Napoleon.

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Edmund Burke (1729-1797) published Reflections on the Revolution in France

A work criticizing the French Revolution and defending monarchy and tradition.

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Elba

The island where Napoleon was exiled after his first abdication in 1814.

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Estates

The three divisions of French society before the Revolution: clergy (First Estate), nobility (Second Estate), and commoners (Third Estate).

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Estates General

A legislative assembly that represented the three estates, called to address France's financial crisis in 1789.

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Financial Crisis

The economic troubles France faced due to war debts, lavish spending, and unfair taxation systems before the Revolution.

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Fiscal Struggle

The difficulty the French monarchy faced in raising funds due to inefficient taxation and government spending.

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Girondists

A moderate political group during the Revolution that opposed the more radical Jacobins and supported constitutional monarchy.

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Grand Empire

The extensive territory controlled by Napoleon, including much of Europe.

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In 1787 Louis XVI's Minister of Finance Proposed a General Tax

Louis XVI's finance minister, Charles de Calonne, suggested a broad property tax to solve France's debt problem, but it required approval from the Estates General.

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Invaded Russia in June 1812

Napoleon's disastrous campaign against Russia, leading to the loss of most of his army.

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Jacobin Club

A radical political group during the Revolution, known for its strong influence and for advocating extreme measures like the Reign of Terror.

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Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

The motto of the French Revolution, symbolizing the goals of freedom, equality, and solidarity.

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Louis XVI

The king of France whose execution marked the end of the monarchy during the Revolution.

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Louis XVII

The young son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, who died in prison during the Revolution.

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Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

A writer who criticized the limitations placed on women and advocated for their rights and equality.

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Maximilien Robespierre and Georges Jacques Danton, and the Girondists

Key figures in the Revolution, with Robespierre leading the radical Jacobins, Danton as a revolutionary leader, and the Girondists as more moderate revolutionaries.

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Mountain

The radical faction of the Jacobins during the Revolution, led by Robespierre.

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Napoleon Abdicated

Napoleon's resignation as Emperor of France in 1814 after his defeat.

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Napoleon Bonaparte

The French military leader who rose to power during the Revolution and became Emperor of France.

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Napoleonic Code

A set of civil laws established by Napoleon that influenced legal systems worldwide.

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National Assembly

The revolutionary assembly formed by the Third Estate, leading to the creation of a new constitution.

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National Convention

The government body that abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.

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Oath of the Tennis Court

A pledge taken by members of the Third Estate in 1789 to not separate until they had created a new constitution for France.

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Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)

A feminist who published the 'Declaration of the Rights of Woman,' demanding equality for women.

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On July 14, 1789, several hundred people marched to the Bastille

The storming of the Bastille, a symbol of royal oppression, marked the beginning of the Revolution.

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Parlements

Regional judicial bodies in France that often resisted royal decrees and contributed to the Revolution.

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Resentment

The widespread anger among the French population, particularly the Third Estate, against the privileges of the clergy and nobility.

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Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre led the revolutionary government during the Reign of Terror, aiming to protect the Revolution from its enemies.

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Robespierre Emerged as the Leader of the Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre became the dominant figure during the Reign of Terror, guiding the revolution's radical policies.

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Saint-Domingue

The French colony in the Caribbean, which saw a successful slave revolt leading to the creation of Haiti.

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Sans-Culottes

Radical working-class revolutionaries in Paris, known for their support of the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror.

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Seven Years' War

A global conflict (1756–1763) that drained France's treasury and contributed to the financial crisis leading to the Revolution.

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St. Helena

The island where Napoleon was exiled after his final defeat at Waterloo.

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The Reign of Terror

A period of extreme violence during the Revolution, led by Robespierre, where perceived enemies of the Revolution were executed.

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Three Orders of the Estates General

The clergy (First Estate), nobility (Second Estate), and commoners (Third Estate) who were represented in the Estates General.

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Toussaint L'Ouverture

A leader of the Haitian Revolution, formerly a slave, who played a key role in the independence movement in Saint-Domingue.

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US Constitution

The foundational document of the United States, inspiring revolutionary ideals in France.

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Waterloo

The final battle where Napoleon was defeated in 1815, leading to his exile and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Women Marching

Refers to the Women's March on Versailles in October 1789, when women demanded bread and the king's return to Paris.

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Women's Rights

The struggle for gender equality during the French Revolution, advocated by figures like Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft.