9-10 Biology Lab Test

Humans have 46

Chromosomes in their body cells

Your 46 chromosomes are reffered to as the

Diploid (2n) number of chromosomes

How many pairs of 23 chromosomes do you get from each parent?

2

23 chromosomes from your father are called?

paternal

23 chromosomes from your mother are called?

Maternal

Each maternal chrimosome has a matching….

Paternal Partner

Two chromosomes that form a pair are called

homogoulous chromosomes

in a human cell, there are how many homologous pairs of chroimosomes?

23

a cell preparing to carry out meiosis duplicates its _______ during ______.

chromosomes, interphase

as a result pf the duplication of chromosomes (meiosis), each maternal and paternal chromosome produces an extra copy called

sister chromatids

chromosomes are only visable through a light microscope during the process of

cell division

The arrangment of chromosomes can be photographed and counted, and scaned images can be manipulated by computer in an orderly set showing each pair of homologous chromosomes is called

Karyotype

the chromosome pairs are assigned numbers 1-22 and are referred to as

autosomes

the last pair of chromosomes (not included in the 1-22) are the last pair referred to as

sex chromosomes

a female has 2 x chriomosomes and is designated

xx

a male has one and one Chromosme, and is designated

XY

_____ determine many of a persons physical traits

Genes

Genes also influence many

physiological and psychological traits

genes are located on

chromosomes

each pair of genes contain one _______ and one_______ copy of the gene

Maternal, Paternal

Each pair copy of maternal and paternal genes are called

Alleles

Alleles are represented with

Letters of the alphabet

If both alleles of a pair have the same genetic information p, the individual is said to be

Homozygous

If the two alleles are different, they are said to be

Heterozygous

When an individual is heterozygous, it often occurs that just ___ of the alleles are expressed

One

An allele that exerts its effects even when paired with another different allele, is referred to as

Dominant

______ alleles are only expressed when no dominant allele is present

Recessive

A ______ _____ masks the expression of the recessive allele

Dominant allele

We indicate dominant dominant alleles with

Capital letters

We indicate recessive alleles with

Lowercase letters

The combination of alleles for a trait is an individuals

Genotype

The physical description of a specific trait is called

Phenotype

When gametes are formed during meiosis, the alleles of each homologous pair are separated into individual

Sex cells

Each square in the punnet square represents a ______ that the couple could have a child with that genotype

25% probability

Each time a pregnancy occurs, the probability

Remains the same as shown in the square