Final Review Pivot Point

Chemistry

The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter.

Organic Chemistry

All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present.

Liquid

Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape.

Atomic Number

Indicates the number of protons in a single atom.

Atom

The smallest complete unit of an element.

Neutrons

Particles that have no electrical charge.

Molecule

Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond.

Hydrogen

The most common element in the universe.

amino acids

Formed by Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.

pH

Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a water-based substance.

Neutral Substance

Pure water is considered neutral because positive and negative ions balance each other out.

Alkali in Water

When placed in water, alkali decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Acidic Solution

On the pH scale, numbers less than 7 indicate an acidic solution.

Suspension

A product that requires shaking before use.

Ointments

Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent.

Saturated Solution

A solution that can't dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature.

Non-oily Eye Makeup Remover

Recommended for removing eye makeup without harming false eyelashes.

Sun Exposure

The number one cause of skin cancer and premature aging.

UVA Rays

Type of UV ray that is longer penetrating and causes collagen breakdown.

Microcapsules

A delivery system that requires friction to release performance ingredients.

Humectants

Functional ingredients that cause water to be held onto the skin.

Hypoallergenic

Means the product is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction.

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Products that can be sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional.

Order of ingredients listed on label

Descending order by weight concentration

beauty makeup

also referred to as day makeup

patch test

should be performed 24-48 hours before a day makeup service or an eye enhancement service

single hairs placed on top of client's lashes

called individual lashes

Permanent Makeup

makeup that involves placing colorants into the skin for the purpose of cosmetic enhancement

characteristics of square facial shape

broad, straight forehead and hairline, with a strong jawline

diamond-shaped face

characterized by narrow forehead, chin and jaw area

law of color

states that out of all the colors in the universe, only three colors are pure

mixing primary and secondary colors

creates tertiary colors

warm colors

contain red, orange, yellow

another term for color

hue

lightness or darkness of a color

called its value

makeup technique to emphasize features

called highlighting

product for even skin tone and uniform surface

foundation

facial powders

used to set other makeup products so they last longer

product to perfect uneven lips

lip liner

properly disinfecting a brow brush

immerse in EPA-registered disinfectant solution

analyzing the skin before makeup

to identify possible contraindications

area between lid and browbone

called the crease

Diamond Shape

may require contouring the high points of the forehead and extended portions of the chin to create balance

Grade 1 classification of cellulite

Mild dimpling when standing but disappears when sitting or lying down

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

should be available from the manufacturer

treatment table cleaning

should be wiped down with an approved EPA-registered disinfectant after each use

Tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

extension

describes when a muscle straightens or bends backwards, making the angle bigger

epicranium

The area that consists of all the structures above the cranium, including muscle, skin and aponeuroses.

risorius

A muscle located at the corner of the mouth that draws the mouth up and out, as in the expression of grinning.

masseter muscle

The muscle that functions to close the jaw.

sternocleido mastoideus

The muscle used when nodding yes or no.

calcium

A mineral that builds and strengthens teeth and bones.

personal hygiene

Maintaining cleanliness through regular bathing with soap and applying deodorant.

estheticians

Professionals whose hands should be clean, well manicured and soft.

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

An injury that can be prevented by using proper equipment.

job interview

An important occasion where it is crucial to stay calm and be yourself.

behavioral interview question

A type of question that might ask you to describe a time when you didn't get along with a colleague.

job benefits

Examples include paid holidays, bonuses and insurance.

initiative

A work ethic where a person doesn't always wait to be told what to do.

Egypt

ancient culture is believed to be the first to develop extensive beauty products.

little things make a big difference

Principle illustrated by placing aromatic soaps and lotions in the salon/spa restroom.

nonpathogenic bacteria

Type of bacteria that can be found in dairy products and can have health-enhancing properties.

vaccination

A method to prevent certain viruses.

infection

What occurs when disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body.

immunity

The body's ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it.

cleaning ( scrubbing) process

A method that may be used to loosen pathogens for removal when cleaning a surface.

fungicidals

Type of disinfectant needed to destroy mold.

bloodborne pathogens

Infectious micro-organisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans.

disinfected

All tools or supplies that come in contact with the client during a service must be discarded or _______

autoclave

A piece of equipment often used to sterilize objects.

basic handwashing

The foundation of infection control efforts and the number one thing you can do to protect yourself and your clients.

stop the service

What do you do first when a blood-exposure incident occurs?

To throw away items that are unsafe for use.

ask another professional to assist

To seek help from a colleague.

clean injured area with soap and water

To wash a wound to prevent infection.

hair strand shape

Determined by the shape of the hair follicle.

catagen stage of hair growth

Known as the transition phase

shaving

A form of depilation that removes hair at the skin level.

threading

A hair removal method utilizing 100% cotton thread twisted and rolled along the skin.

laser hair reduction

A method using light to penetrate and diminish or destroy hair bulbs.

antiseptic

A product used to prevent bacterial growth on the skin prior to hair removal.

single-use gloves

Protect the hands and skin, available in various sizes and materials, latex gloves are not suitable for all clients

papule

A small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus.

fissure

A linear split/line in the epidermis or dermis due to loss of skin flexibility due to exposure to wind , cold and water

telangiectasia

A vascular disorder appearing as thread-like, red lines on the skin from widened blood vessels.

open comedo

The technical name for a blackhead.

contact dermatitis

A rash caused by an allergic reaction from contact with certain substances.

melanoma

The most dangerous type of skin growth.

keratosis

The buildup of skin cells on the epidermis.

microcurrent device

Uses multiple waveforms and frequencies to stimulate cellular response.

high frequency device

Uses mushroom, spiral, and sparking electrodes.

grounding pad electrode

Should be covered with wet gauze.

scope of practice

The procedures and actions permitted under an esthetician's license.

anaphoresis

A method used for desincrustation during a galvanic current facial treatment.

glycolic acid

An AHA that penetrates the epidermis effectively due to its small molecular size.

neutralizer

A product used to stop the action of a chemical exfoliant.

warts

A viral skin infection that is a contraindication for certain treatments.

Skin scope

Allows the esthetician to see the client's skin and the client to see their reflection simultaneously.

combination skin type

Characterized by larger pores in the T-zone area of the face.