Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorder

_____ - refers to the condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Diathesis-Stress Model

_____- model integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder.

Diathesis-Stress Model

_____- model ; Suggests that people with an underlying predisposition for a disorder (i.e., a diathesis) are more likely than others to develop a disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events

Anxiety Disorder

_____ - refers to the excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior

Social Anxiety Disorder

_____ - refers to the extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

Acrophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of heights

Aerophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of flying

Arachnophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of spiders

Claustrophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of enclosed spaces

Cynophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of dogs

Hematophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of blood

Ophidiophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of snakes

Taphophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of being buried alive

Trypanophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of injections

Xenophobia

[Kind of Phobia] fear of strangers

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

[Kind of Disorder] _____ -Experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted (obsessions) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).

Obsessions

_____ - refers to the Persistent, unintentional, and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive, unpleasant, and distressing

Compulsions

_____ - refers to the Repetitive and ritualistic acts typically carried out to minimize the distress caused by obsessions or to reduce the likelihood of a feared event

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

[Kind of Disorder] _____ - Preoccupied with a perceived flaw in physical appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable to others

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

[Kind of Disorder]

• Effect: Perceived physical defects cause individuals to believe they are unattractive, ugly, hideous, or deformed

Hoarding Disorder

[Kind of Disorder] _____ - Cannot bear to part with personal possessions

Hoarding Disorder

[Kind of Disorder]

• Effect: Accumulate excessive amounts of usually worthless items that clutter their living areas

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

[Kind of Disorder]

• _____ - is when experiencing a profoundly traumatic event leads to several symptoms that occur for at least a month

• Symptoms:

  • Intrusive and distressing memories of the event

  • Avoidance of stimuli connected to the event

  • Negative emotional states

  • Feelings of detachment from others

  • Irritability and hypervigilance

  • Proneness toward outbursts

  • Tendency to startle easily

Mood Disorder

[Kind of Disorder] _____ - refer to severe disturbances in mood and emotions — depression, mania, and elation.

Depressive Disorders

[Kind of Disorder] ______ - group of disorders in which depression is the main feature.

Depression

_____ - refers to being sad, discouraged, and hopeless.

• Lose interest in activities once enjoyed

• Feel a decrease in drives such as hunger and sex

• Frequently doubt personal worth

Bipolar and Related Disorders

[Kind of Disorder] ______ - refer to a group of disorders in which mania is the defining feature.

Mania

____- refers to a state of extreme elation and agitation

• May become extremely talkative

• Behave recklessly

• Attempt to take on many tasks simultaneously

[Kind of Disorder] ______ - often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Bipolar Disorder

[Kind of Disorder] ______ - Person’s mood alternates from one emotional extreme to the other

Manic Episode

Bipolar Disorder

• _____- refers to a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week

Flight of Ideas

Bipolar Disorder

• _____- refer to a person may talk loudly and rapidly, abruptly switching from one topic to another

  • Easily distracted, making conversation very difficult

Schizophrenia

[Kind of Disorder] _____ - is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior

Schizophrenia

[Kind of Disorder] Experience significant difficulties maintaining relationships with others

Symptoms:

• Hallucinations

• Delusions

• Disorganized thinking

• Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

• Negative symptoms

d. schizophrenia

NOTE:

• Anxiety = is a general nervousness with no specific reason for the fear and tension.

• Affective disorders = set of psychiatric diseases, also called mood disorders. The main types of affective disorders are

  depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder.

• Panic reaction = sudden attacks of overwhelming apprehension

• Schizophrenia = characterized by disturbances in thought, including disorganized thought processes, loosening of associations, delusions, and lack of insight.

1. Mark is a young man who tends to withdraw from others. He has flight of ideas and often shows inappropriate affect. He

claims to hear voices calling him "Jesus – The Savior." Most probably, Mark is exhibiting symptoms of

a. affective disorder

b. generalized anxiety

c. panic reaction

d. schizophrenia

Anxiety

_____ - is a general nervousness with no specific reason for the fear and tension.

Affective disorders

____- are set of psychiatric diseases, also called mood disorders. The main types of affective disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder.

• depression

• bipolar disorder

• anxiety disorder

Main Types of Affective Disorders [3]

Panic reaction

____ - are sudden attacks of overwhelming apprehension

Schizophrenia

[Kind of Disorder] characterized by disturbances in thought, including disorganized thought processes, loosening of associations, delusions, and lack of insight.

b. recurring thought of performing an obscene act

NOTE:

• a. the irresistible urge to use credit cards (compulsion)

• b. recurring thought of performing an obscene act

• c. felling panicked with no definable cause (anxiety)

• d. being distressed over the death of a friend (grief)

2. The best example of an obsession is

a. the irresistible urge to use credit cards (compulsion)

b. recurring thought of performing an obscene act

c. felling panicked with no definable cause (anxiety)

d. being distressed over the death of a friend (grief)

compulsion

____- refer to the irresistible urge to use credit cards

Anxiety

_____ - refer to the felling panicked with no definable cause

Grief

_____- refer to. being distressed over the death of a friend

b. phobia

NOTE:

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has

  uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.

• Anxiety reaction – a psychological state or experience involving the apprehension of danger, accompanied by a Feeling of dread and such physical symptoms as restlessness and rapid heartbeat, occurring in the absence of any

  identifiable fear stimulus.

• Personality disorders (PD)- a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the

  individual's culture.

3. Jerry felt terrified whenever he had to travel in automobiles; he now avoids them completely. Jerry suffers from a(n)

a. obsessive-compulsive behavior

b. phobia

c. anxiety reaction

d. personality disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

____ - refer to a common n, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.

Anxiety reaction

____- is a psychological state or experience involving the apprehension of danger, accompanied by a feeling of dread and such physical symptoms as restlessness and rapid heartbeat, occurring in the absence of any identifiable fear stimulus.

Personality disorders (PD)

_____ - a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture.

• Dissociative Amnesia

• Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

• Dissociative Identity Disorder

Type of Dissociative Disorders [3]

Derealization Disorder

Depersonalization is aka ____ ?

Multiple Personality Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder is aka ___ ?

Dissociative Amnesia

[Type of Dissociative Disorders] Unable to recall important personal information

Dissociative Amnesia

[Type of Dissociative Disorders] Usually follows an extremely stressful or traumatic experience (e.g., combat, natural disasters, or being a victim of violence)

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

[Type of Dissociative Disorders] Characterized by recurring episodes of:

• Depersonalization

• Derealization

Depersonalization

[Depersonalization or Derealization]

• Feelings of “unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, one’s whole self or from aspects of the self”

Derealization

[Depersonalization or Derealization]

• Sense of “unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, the world — be it individuals, inanimate objects, or all surroundings”

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)

[Type of Dissociative Disorders] Exhibit two or more separate personalities or identities

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)

[Type of Dissociative Disorders] Each personality is well-defined and distinct from one another

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD meaning?

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

[Kind of Disorder] Shows a constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

[Kind of Disorder] Behavior is hasty, impulsive, and seems to occur without much forethought

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

[Kind of Disorder]

Signs of Inattention:

• Great difficulty with and avoidance of tasks that require sustained attention

• Failure to follow instructions

• Disorganization

• Lack of attention to detail

• Easily distracted

• Forgetfulness

Hyperactivity

_____ - refers to excessive movement

Autism Spectrum Disorder

[Kind of Disorder] Children with this disorder show signs of significant disturbances in three main areas:

• Deficits in social interaction

• Deficits in communication

• Repetitive patterns of behavior or interest

1. Schizotypal

2. Antisocial

3. Histrionic

4. Narcissistic

5. Borderline

6. Avoidant

7. Dependent

8. Obsessive Compulsive

Personality Disorders [8]

Histrionic Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Excessively dramatic, emotional, and theatrical

• Uncomfortable when not the center of attention

Histrionic Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Inappropriately seductive or provocative behavior

• Highly emotional but vague speech

Histrionic Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Shallow, rapidly shifting emotions

• May alienate others with constant attention-seeking

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Eccentricities in thought, perception, emotion, speech, and behavior

• Suspiciousness or paranoia

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Unusual perceptual experiences

• Displays inappropriate emotions

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Not due to schizophrenia, another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Continuously violates the rights of others

• Often lies, fights, and has problems with the law

Antisocial Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Impulsive; fails to think ahead

• Deceitful and manipulative for personal gain

Antisocial Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Irresponsible; fails to hold down a job or pay debts

• Lacks empathy and remorse for misdeeds

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Inflated and unjustified sense of self-importance

• Preoccupied with fantasies of success

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Feels entitled to special treatment

• Arrogant attitudes and behavior

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Exploits others; lacks empathy

Borderline Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Unstable self-image, mood, and behavior

• Fears abandonment; cannot tolerate being alone

Borderline Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Intense and unstable relationships

• Impulsive and self-damaging behavior

Borderline Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Inappropriate, intense anger

Avoidant Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Socially inhibited and highly sensitive to negative evaluation

• Avoids interpersonal jobs and relationships unless fully accepted

Avoidant Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Feels inadequate, socially inept, and unappealing

Dependent Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Submissive and clingy behavior

• Allows others to run their life

Dependent Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Needs constant advice and reassurance

• Lacks self-confidence and independence

Dependent Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Feels helpless or uncomfortable when alone

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Perfectionism that interferes with task completion

• Preoccupied with details, order, rules, and schedules

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Excessively devoted to work over leisure

• Rigid, inflexible, and stubborn

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

[Type of Personality Disorder]

• Insists on doing things "their" way

• Miserly spending habits

d. manipulate others

1. People who have antisocial personality disorder…

a. tolerate sameness

b. respond strongly to pain others

c. have a strong superhero

d. manipulate others

c. Machiavellianism

2. Individuals who tend to manipulative are said to have the trait of ______

a. authorization

b. dogmatism

c. Machiavellianism

d. Sensitization