Rubin stages of graphic development

Manipulating 1-2

focus on sensory and kinesthetic qualities of materials; no concern about a finished product

Forming 2-3

repetition; start to make gestalts

Naming 3-4

naming of marks/objects as real things; associate to form

Representing 4-6

true representations from the first three forms (hard to recognize but distinct); draw what is known, not seen (symbolization); filling in of lines and creation of boundaries; human figures are the most frequent symbols; comparable to Preschematic

Consolidating 6-9

preferred way of saying things pictorially and tend to repeat them; have a kind of inner logic; not realistic; shift from egocentrism to more social POV; expanding of creative horizons; comparable to Schematic

Naturalizing 9-12

more realistic proportions and spatial relationships; very self-critical; comparable to Dawning Realism/Realism

Personalizing 12+

increasing concern with themselves; intentionally personalizing their work, self-consciously exploring different styles; search for their own media and themes to express their personal perceptions of inner/outer worlds; focus on aesthetic goals; increasing egocentrism