SP4 Vocabulario: La inmigración.

La ciudadanía

citizen, The legal status of being a member of a national community, which grants political and civil rights as well as legal responsibilities.

El visado

Visa, An official document or stamp placed in a passport that legally allows a person to enter, stay, or work in a foreign country.

El asilo político

Asylum, The protection offered by a nation to people fleeing their home country due to persecution based on political opinion, religion, or ethnicity.

La tarjeta de residencia

Green Card, An identification document that grants a foreigner the right to live and work permanently within a country's territory.

La deportación

deportation, The legal and administrative process by which a government expels a foreign citizen from its territory, usually for violating immigration laws.

El trámite

Each of the steps, stages, and resolutions required to complete an administrative or legal process before an authority.

El patrocinador

sponsor, A person or entity that assumes financial and legal responsibility for an immigrant during their entry or stay in the country.

La amnistía

Amnesty, A legislative measure that pardons past infractions and grants legal status to a group of people currently in an irregular situation.

El paso fronterizo

border crossing, A specific and controlled geographic location where people and goods can legally cross from one country to another.

La patrulla fronteriza

Border patrol, The security agency responsible for monitoring national borders to prevent the illegal entry of people and prohibited substances.

Solicitar

To apply, The action of formally requesting a benefit, document, or right through channels established by law.

Otorgar

The action of granting or giving something that has been requested, such as a permit, a scholarship, a visa, or nationality.

Denegar

Deny The official act of not granting what is requested, resulting in the rejection of a petition or immigration process.

Caducar

Expire, To lose validity or effectiveness of a document or right due to the passage of time or reaching a deadline.

Regularizar

Regulate, To perform the necessary processes to adjust a situation that was outside the law to meet current legal standards.

La enajenación

alienation, The feeling of being a stranger or being isolated from the social and cultural environment in which one lives.

Asimilarse

to assimilate, The process by which an individual or group gradually adopts the customs, language, and values of a dominant culture.

Aculturar

to acculturate, The process of receiving and adapting to elements of a new culture while still retaining aspects of the original culture.

La nostalgia

Nosalgia, A feeling of sadness or longing caused by the absence of one's homeland, family, or the life left behind.

La herencia

heritage, The set of cultural traits, traditions, and values passed down from generation to generation within a family.

El refugiado

refugee, A person forced to leave their country to escape war, persecution, or natural disasters.

La patria

nation, The country or place where one was born or to which one feels bound by emotional, historical, and legal ties.

La mano de obra

manual labor, the physical or intellectual workforce that immigrants provide to the economic sectors of the host country.

El prejuicio

prejudice, A negative and preconceived opinion toward a group of people based on stereotypes rather than actual experience.

Indocumentado

undocumented, Refers to a person residing in a country without the necessary legal identification documents or residence permits.

Añorar

to miss, To feel a deep lack of something or someone, especially when remembering life in the country of origin with affection.

Adaptarse

to adapt, the process of adjusting behavior and expectations to fit into a new social or work environment.

Establecerse

to settle permanently in a new place, creating a home and a stable life after migrating.

Reunificarse

To unite, The process of bringing back together family members who have been separated due to immigration laws or staggered travel.

Aportar

To contribute something positive, such as taxes, cultural diversity, or professional skills, to the host society.

Cruzar

to cross, To pass from one side of a dividing line to the other, especially in the context of crossing the border between two countries.

Huir

to flee, To leave a place quickly to avoid danger, a violent situation, or an extreme economic crisis.

Arriesgar

to risk, To expose oneself to personal loss or harm in the search for a better life or greater security abroad.

Prosperar

To prosper, to achieve economic and personal success in the new country, improving the quality of life one previously had.

Superar

To overcome an obstacle or difficulty, such as learning a new language or facing social discrimination.

Remitir

to remit, To send money, documents, or other items to a person in a distant place, usually to family in the country of origin.

Carecer

to lack, To not possess something necessary or to have a lack of basic resources like food, security, or freedom.

Desprenderse

The emotional act of separating or distancing oneself from original roots and customs to integrate into a new place.

Convivir

To live in the company of different groups, respecting differences and sharing the same social and political space.

Enfrentar

to face or confront the difficulties, challenges, or conflicts that arise during the process of adapting to a different culture.