Molecular Genetics and Gene Control

This flashcard set focuses on key vocabulary related to molecular genetics and gene control, helping students understand the fundamental concepts expressed in their lecture notes.

Gene expression

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, often proteins.

Differential gene expression

The process by which cells express different sets of genes, allowing for specialization of cell functions.

Inducible operon

A type of operon that is turned on by the presence of an inducer, allowing gene expression to occur.

Repressible operon

A type of operon that is typically active but can be inhibited by the presence of a repressor, preventing gene expression.

Repressor

A protein that binds to an operator site to inhibit the expression of genes by blocking RNA polymerase attachment.

Operator

A segment of DNA that acts like an ON/OFF switch for gene transcription, located between the promoter and enzyme coding genes.

Positive control mechanism

Regulatory mechanism that stimulates gene expression, allowing for increased transcription.

Negative control mechanism

Regulatory mechanism that inhibits gene expression, preventing transcription from occurring.

cAMP (cyclic AMP)

A molecule that acts as a regulatory signal in cells, influencing gene expression in response to glucose levels.

CAP (catabolite activator protein)

A regulatory protein that binds to cAMP and stimulates transcription of genes when glucose levels are low.