organic functions lect 3

3 organic reaction types

• substitution

• additions

• eliminations

whats heterolysis

when both the electrons pair of the covelent bond go to one of the fragments

what is a electrophile

when a carbocation is seeking an electron pair

whats a nucleophile

the ion or molecule with the electron pair that seeks out the positive charge of a carbocation

what are electron pair acceptors

acids

what are electron pair donors

bases

why are carbocations and carbanions very reactive

because of the structures they possess

why are free radicals important

as they are responsible for a number of disease states

whats the bronsted- lowry definition of an acid

a substance that donates a proton to another molecule

what is the bronsted-lowry definition of a base

a substance that accepts a proton from another molecule

What is the Ka

the equilibrum constant

what is the equilibrium constant

a calculation that gives the relative strength of acids

why is ethanoic acid stronget than ethanol

due to the nature of the anion formed after the H+ is formed

what does an electron withdrawing group do

stabilises carboxylate and strengthens acid

what is an electron donating group

destabilises carboxylate and weakens acid

key features of acidic functional groups

• presence of a hydrogen atom which can dissociate from the group

• delocalise the negative charge