Business process design and systems development

What role do information systems play in organizations today?

They are integral and present in various environments, including businesses, schools, banks, etc.

What are Information Systems specialists responsible for?

They design, develop, and implement new systems to address organizational needs.

What is planned organizational change?

It refers to purposefully designed changes in an organization when developing new systems.

What are the four reasons organizations decide to use information systems?

Necessity, competitive advantage, continuous improvement, and efficiency.

What is business process redesign?

It is the process of analyzing, simplifying, and redesigning existing business processes.

What is systems development?

It is the activity of creating or modifying business systems.

What is the purpose of systems investigation?

To gain understanding of the problem or opportunity that needs to be addressed.

What are the stages of systems development?

Systems investigation, systems analysis, systems design, system implementation, and system maintenance.

What occurs during systems analysis?

Determining if the problem can be solved and if it's worth pursuing through feasibility studies.

What does system implementation involve?

Creating and acquiring all components defined in the design, assembling them, and putting the system into operation.

What is system maintenance?

An ongoing process to check and modify the system to ensure its effectiveness.

What is business process design?

The process of analyzing a business process to improve efficiency and workflow.

When might a company choose incremental process change?

When changes are simple and affect limited sectors of the organization.

What happens in the implementation of the new process?

The new process is unveiled and problems are identified and addressed.

What does continuous measurement of processes entail?

It involves ongoing assessment to ensure processes remain effective over time.

What is the purpose of data flow diagrams?

To visually represent how data moves through processes in structured analysis.

What is object-oriented development?

A method where systems are designed as collections of objects connected through processes.

What is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

A formal method for building information systems in sequential stages.

What is the Waterfall Method in systems development?

A sequential approach where each stage must be completed before the next begins.

What is prototyping in systems development?

The rapid creation of experimental systems for end-users to evaluate and provide feedback.

What is the advantage of off-the-shelf software?

It reduces design, programming, testing, and maintenance efforts in building a system.

What is end-user development?

The development of information systems by users with minimal assistance from specialists.

What can be a drawback of end-user developed systems?

They may not meet quality assurance standards or be easily controlled by traditional means.

Why is continuous improvement important in an organization?

It helps the organization stay relevant and competitive in the market.

What must organizations identify for business process re-design?

The processes that need improvement to enhance efficiency and performance.

what is systems design

Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. It involves creating a blueprint for constructing the system that meets user needs and business objectives.

what is business process redesign

fundamental rethinking and redesign of business

processes to

improve performance,

efficiency, and effectiveness

Look at this example of business process redesign

Buying a book at a bookstore vs buying it online

Online :

Intermediaries cut out- librarian/book store worker who must look for the book for you/order the book

Business process quicker , more efficient, and more accessible

why do we do BPR

1. Improve the process

2. Automate process to remain competitive and reduce costs while enhancing customer satisfaction and adaptability to market changes.

3. Control

4. Information flow

List and discuss the stages of systems development

1. systems investigation - outline the prob, objectives, and resources needed

2. systems analysis-determine whether the problem can be solved,if its worth pursuing or whether the company has the resources to solve the problem. (feasibility studies and cost-benefit analysis performed)

3. systems design - answers what functions are required, what system will look like and how it will the business needs of the

   company. Done after understanding customer requirements and clearly defining workable segments of the system to be developed

4. system implementation - creating and getting all required components (hardware, software, database, etc) defined in the design step, assembling them and putting the new system into operation

5. system maintenance -checking and modifiying(if need be) system to ensure it continues to serve its business

   purpose and is adapted to changing business need

Approach 1 : System development life cycle waterfall

Requirements Gathering:

understanding the functionality, features, and constraints of the project from stakeholders.

System Design:

Based on gathered requirements,

system architecture and high-level design are developed-

determines the overall structure and

components of the system.

Implementation

actual coding and

programming take place based on the design specifications.

The software developers build system according to the

detailed design.

•

Verification:

After the implementation, the software is

thoroughly verified and tested to ensure that it meets the

specified requirements and is free of defects/errors.

•

Maintenance:

After deployment, ongoing maintenance and

support are provided to address any issues or changes

required in the software

Approach 2 : Rapid application development

1. Look at basic requirements

2. Make a working prototype

3. Use protype

4. If user satisfied - make it the operational protype

5. If not - reformulate prototype + repeat steps

so basically

1. Planning

2. Analysis, design, implementation

3. System prototype

4. Implementation

5. System