Fallacies

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17 Terms

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Affirming the Consequent

If the conclusion is true, then the argument must be true

2
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Denying the Antecedent

IF one or more parts of the premise is false, then the conclusion is false (even if there are other reasons that the conclusion could be true)

3
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Unwarranted extrapolation

Huge predictions based on limited facts/indications of that

4
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Excluded middle fallacy

There is only on choice or the other, there can be no middle ground or compromise

5
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Burden of Proof

Claim has not been proved wrong, therefore it must be true (or vice versa)

6
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Red Herring

Introduction of irrelevant material to distract from and lead to a different conclusion

7
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Ad Hominem

Using personal attacks to discredit someone’s argument without actually engaging the argument

8
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Appeal to Hypocrisy

Ad hominem fallacy that uses someones actions against their argument

9
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Slippery slope

Small first step that is being considered will begin a chain reaction of negative events

10
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Strawman

Misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack

11
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Appeals to Authority/science

The argument must be true because it originated from a place or person of authority

12
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Appeals to common sense

Calling something obvious knowledge or common sense, often being vague on details to maintain argument strength

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Appeals to common practice

Something is okay because everyone does it

14
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Appeal to emotion

using an emotional response to replace rational thought

15
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Name calling

Linking an idea to something with negative connotations so the audience is more likely to reject it

16
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Glittering Generalities

Using emotionally appealing phrases to strengthen an argument that don’t have sufficient evidence or reason

17
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Euphemisms

Attempting to calm or misdirect an argument using bland phrases