Fallacies

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17 Terms

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Affirming the Consequent
If the conclusion is true, then the argument must be true
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Denying the Antecedent
IF one or more parts of the premise is false, then the conclusion is false (even if there are other reasons that the conclusion could be true)
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Unwarranted extrapolation
Huge predictions based on limited facts/indications of that
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Excluded middle fallacy
There is only on choice or the other, there can be no middle ground or compromise
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Burden of Proof
Claim has not been proved wrong, therefore it must be true (or vice versa)
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Red Herring
Introduction of irrelevant material to distract from and lead to a different conclusion
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Ad Hominem
Using personal attacks to discredit someone’s argument without actually engaging the argument
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Appeal to Hypocrisy
Ad hominem fallacy that uses someones actions against their argument
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Slippery slope
Small first step that is being considered will begin a chain reaction of negative events
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Strawman
Misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack
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Appeals to Authority/science
The argument must be true because it originated from a place or person of authority
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Appeals to common sense
Calling something obvious knowledge or common sense, often being vague on details to maintain argument strength
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Appeals to common practice
Something is okay because everyone does it
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Appeal to emotion
using an emotional response to replace rational thought
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Name calling
Linking an idea to something with negative connotations so the audience is more likely to reject it
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Glittering Generalities
Using emotionally appealing phrases to strengthen an argument that don’t have sufficient evidence or reason
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Euphemisms
Attempting to calm or misdirect an argument using bland phrases